Pulmonary Diseases Quiz

Infection that affects the nose, sinuses, larynx, trachea, and main bronchi. Usually caused by a virus.

Infection that affects the bronchi, lungs, and terminal bronchi. Often more serious, caused by bacteria, viruses, irritants, fungi, or atypical pathogens.

An inflammation of the bronchus that spreads to the surrounding alveoli, characterized by white-yellowish foci of condensation.

Inflammation that starts in the alveoli and spreads to the entire lobe, characterized by stages of congestion, red hepatization, and grey hepatization.

Infection that mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, often leading to congestion, watery discharge, and secondary bacterial infections.

Viral infection that can cause pharyngitis, also known as a sore throat, and can lead to secondary infections with pus.

Viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, characterized by inflammation and congestion.

Bacterial infection of the alveolar spaces, leading to the formation of exudates. May cause complications such as pleurisy.

A primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often seen in childhood, resulting in a small lesion (Ghon focus) in the lung. The lesion typically heals with fibrosis and calcification, but the bacteria may survive and cause later infection.

A condition in which new infection occurs or the previously contained bacteria in the Ghon focus reactivates. This leads to a more widespread infection, often with coughing up of caseous material (dead tissue) that can spread the infection.

A collection of chronic lung diseases characterized by airflow obstruction, which worsens over time and is usually caused by smoking. The two main types are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Characterized by persistent cough with sputum production, often caused by chronic inflammation of the airways.

A condition where the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are damaged and enlarged, leading to difficulty breathing. The destruction of alveolar walls results in weak air spaces that can be easily ruptured.

New growth of cells that can be either benign or malignant.

Abnormal mass of tissue that can be either benign or malignant.

A malignant tumor that can invade and spread to other parts of the body.

The study of cancer.

A specialist who studies diseases.

A medical doctor who treats cancer patients.

A non-cancerous tumor that cannot spread to other parts of the body but may still be dangerous.

A cancerous tumor that can invade and spread to other parts of the body.

A type of allergic asthma triggered by repeated exposure to certain substances, like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander.

A cancer arising from the epithelial cells lining the bronchi, the main airways of the lungs. This is the most common type of lung cancer.

The spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body.

The growth of a tumor in the area where it originated before spreading to other parts of the body. For bronchial carcinoma, this includes the lung tissue, hilar area (where the bronchi branch off), and major blood vessels.

Tumors that spread to lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped organs that filter lymph fluid and help fight infection. In the case of lung cancer, the hilar lymph nodes are often affected first.

Tumors that spread through the bloodstream to distant organs, such as the liver, adrenal glands, and brain.

A collection of signs and symptoms caused by the tumor, rather than the direct growth of cancerous cells.

A type of lung cancer that originates from glandular epithelium, often found in the peripheral areas of the lungs.

Infection acquired in a hospital setting, often caused by bacteria. Think of it as getting sick in the place meant to make you healthy.

Strong and harmful bacteria that commonly resist many antibiotics, making their eradication difficult. They are often found on surfaces and can cause infections.

Bacteria from the same family as strep throat but causing lung infections. Often seen after a viral illness. Think of it as the culprit after the initial "cold" takes its toll.

The most common complication of pneumonia, usually due to inflammation and healing. It's a common after-effect of pneumonia and not always a major concern.

The body's natural defenses against respiratory infections, such as the cough reflex, nasal hairs, ciliary apparatus, IgA antibodies, phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages, alveolar fluid, and cell-mediated immunity are vital for preventing pneumonia.

A form of secondary bacterial infection that follows a primary viral infection. Often occurs when the body's defenses are compromised.

The process of identifying the specific organism responsible for a pneumonia infection using laboratory techniques such as culture and sensitivity testing. This step is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment.

The various causes of pneumonia, including bacterial, fungal, viral, aspiration, radiation, and allergic mechanisms.

Pneumonia acquired in the community setting, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A condition where the defenses of the respiratory tract are compromised, increasing susceptibility to pneumonia.

A type of pneumonia that occurs as a result of inhaling foreign material, such as food, vomit, or saliva.

Pneumonia that is caused by an allergic reaction to certain substances like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander.

Viral infections that can cause pneumonia, including influenza, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus.

A chronic lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction that worsens over time. It's often caused by smoking and includes conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

A condition where the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are damaged and enlarged. It makes breathing difficult and is often related to smoking.

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least three months in at least two consecutive years. It is often associated with smoking or inhaled pollutants.

A condition where the lungs are overly responsive to various stimuli, causing temporary narrowing of the airways. It often results in wheezing and shortness of breath.

A severe asthma attack that doesn't respond to usual treatments and can be life-threatening.

Destruction of the elastic tissue in the alveolar walls, often a result of smoking or excess protease activity.

A type of asthma that is triggered by specific allergens, like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. It is an allergic reaction to specific allergens.

The main airway in the lungs where the air enters and exits. This is where the air goes before it reaches the alveoli for gas exchange.

The microscopic air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. This is where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released.

A condition where the heart is weakened and enlarged due to lung problems. It is a secondary problem that arises from a lung issue.

Asthma triggered by allergens like dust mites, pollen, and foods. Often runs in families with history of allergic rhinitis, eczema, or urticaria.

Occupational asthma develops after repeated exposure to substances found in workplaces, like fumes, gases, dusts, or chemicals.

A type of allergic reaction involving the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites, and foods.

A type of lung cancer arising from squamous epithelium in the main bronchus, often forming large, friable masses.

A type of lung cancer arising from endocrine cells in the main bronchus that produce various hormones, leading to associated syndromes.

The spread of cancer cells within the lung area, including the hilar region (where bronchi divide) and large blood vessels.

The spread of cancer cells through lymph nodes, often affecting the hilar nodes first.

The spread of cancer cells via the bloodstream, leading to distant organs or distant metastases.