Pulmonary Diseases and Airway Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of asthma?

  • Decreased mucociliary function
  • Narrowing of large, then small, airways
  • Increased presence of leukocytes
  • Bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus production (correct)

What is the main difference between asthma and chronic bronchitis?

  • Type of respiratory tract involved
  • Narrowing of airways
  • Inflammation of bronchial mucosa
  • Duration of symptoms (correct)

What is the observation of the patient with asthma?

  • Tachypnea, fatigue, anxiety, pursed lip breathing (correct)
  • Barrel chest, fatigue, anxiety
  • Elevated shoulders, fixed upper extremities, fatigue
  • Spasmodic cough, sputum ranges from clear to purulent

What is the auscultation finding in chronic bronchitis?

<p>Crackles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

<p>Presence of cough and pulmonary secretion expectoration for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of asthma?

<p>Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, O2 therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the palpation finding in chronic bronchitis?

<p>Tachycardia, hypertension, decreased tactile and vocal fremitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percussion finding in asthma?

<p>Hyper resonant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes vesicular breath sounds?

<p>Soft rustling sounds heard over distal airways and lung parenchyma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of breath sound is characterized by a high-pitched sound associated with upper airway obstruction?

<p>Stridor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breath sound is commonly due to bronchoconstriction or retained secretions and mostly heard during expiration?

<p>Wheeze (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a hyper resonant percussion sound over the chest?

<p>Emphysema or pneumothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is not part of the cough mechanism?

<p>Rapid contraction of the diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for high pitched breath sounds that can result from bronchospasm or asthma?

<p>Wheeze (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes low pitched or snoring sounds usually associated with secretions lining the airways?

<p>Rhonchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following percussion sounds indicates 'extreme dullness over dense tissues'?

<p>Flat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper airway?

<p>Bronchi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the protection function in airway management?

<p>Preventing aspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A history of exposure to what type of substances should be assessed in patients with pulmonary diseases?

<p>Environmental or occupational toxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical sign does NOT belong to the standard inspection during a pulmonary examination?

<p>Digital pulse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation is related to the sequence of chest wall during inspiration and expiration?

<p>Ratio of inspiration to expiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of sternal and intercostal retractions indicate?

<p>Upper sternum sinks inward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of normal breath sound is characterized by a pause between inspiration and expiration?

<p>Bronchial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In airway compromise, what does a gurgling sound typically indicate?

<p>Fluid in the airway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic deficiency can cause emphysema?

<p>Alpha1-antitrypsin protein deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emphysema is identified by the destruction of alveolar interstitial due to smoking or pollutants?

<p>Centrilobular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is observed in someone with bronchiectasis?

<p>Purulent, odorous sputum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common auscultation finding in a patient with pneumonia?

<p>Rhonchi and crackles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which management strategy is NOT typically used for emphysema?

<p>Diuretics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a palpation finding in bronchiectasis?

<p>Tachycardia and hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic observation in a patient with ARDS?

<p>Labored breathing pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pulmonary condition is indicated by the destruction of the mucociliary escalator?

<p>Bronchiectasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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