32 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of asthma?
Bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus production
What is the main difference between asthma and chronic bronchitis?
Duration of symptoms
What is the observation of the patient with asthma?
Tachypnea, fatigue, anxiety, pursed lip breathing
What is the auscultation finding in chronic bronchitis?
Crackles
What is the primary characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
Presence of cough and pulmonary secretion expectoration for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row
What is the management of asthma?
Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, O2 therapy
What is the palpation finding in chronic bronchitis?
Tachycardia, hypertension, decreased tactile and vocal fremitus
What is the percussion finding in asthma?
Hyper resonant
What characterizes vesicular breath sounds?
Soft rustling sounds heard over distal airways and lung parenchyma
What type of breath sound is characterized by a high-pitched sound associated with upper airway obstruction?
Stridor
Which breath sound is commonly due to bronchoconstriction or retained secretions and mostly heard during expiration?
Wheeze
What is indicated by a hyper resonant percussion sound over the chest?
Emphysema or pneumothorax
Which phase is not part of the cough mechanism?
Rapid contraction of the diaphragm
What is the term for high pitched breath sounds that can result from bronchospasm or asthma?
Wheeze
What term describes low pitched or snoring sounds usually associated with secretions lining the airways?
Rhonchi
Which of the following percussion sounds indicates 'extreme dullness over dense tissues'?
Flat
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper airway?
Bronchi
What is the primary purpose of the protection function in airway management?
Preventing aspiration
A history of exposure to what type of substances should be assessed in patients with pulmonary diseases?
Environmental or occupational toxins
Which physical sign does NOT belong to the standard inspection during a pulmonary examination?
Digital pulse
Which observation is related to the sequence of chest wall during inspiration and expiration?
Ratio of inspiration to expiration
What does the presence of sternal and intercostal retractions indicate?
Upper sternum sinks inward
Which type of normal breath sound is characterized by a pause between inspiration and expiration?
Bronchial
In airway compromise, what does a gurgling sound typically indicate?
Fluid in the airway
What genetic deficiency can cause emphysema?
Alpha1-antitrypsin protein deficiency
Which type of emphysema is identified by the destruction of alveolar interstitial due to smoking or pollutants?
Centrilobular
Which of the following symptoms is observed in someone with bronchiectasis?
Purulent, odorous sputum
What is a common auscultation finding in a patient with pneumonia?
Rhonchi and crackles
Which management strategy is NOT typically used for emphysema?
Diuretics
Which of the following describes a palpation finding in bronchiectasis?
Tachycardia and hypertension
What is a characteristic observation in a patient with ARDS?
Labored breathing pattern
What pulmonary condition is indicated by the destruction of the mucociliary escalator?
Bronchiectasis
This quiz covers the anatomy of the airway, including the upper and lower airways, and the importance of airway management in facilitating oxygenation, ventilation, protection, and maintenance.
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