Pulmonary Diseases and Airway Management

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What is the primary characteristic of asthma?

Decreased mucociliary function

Narrowing of large, then small, airways

Increased presence of leukocytes

Bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus production (correct)

What is the main difference between asthma and chronic bronchitis?

Type of respiratory tract involved

Narrowing of airways

Inflammation of bronchial mucosa

Duration of symptoms (correct)

What is the observation of the patient with asthma?

Tachypnea, fatigue, anxiety, pursed lip breathing (correct)

Barrel chest, fatigue, anxiety

Elevated shoulders, fixed upper extremities, fatigue

Spasmodic cough, sputum ranges from clear to purulent

What is the auscultation finding in chronic bronchitis?

Crackles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

Presence of cough and pulmonary secretion expectoration for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of asthma?

Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, O2 therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the palpation finding in chronic bronchitis?

Tachycardia, hypertension, decreased tactile and vocal fremitus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percussion finding in asthma?

Hyper resonant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes vesicular breath sounds?

Soft rustling sounds heard over distal airways and lung parenchyma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of breath sound is characterized by a high-pitched sound associated with upper airway obstruction?

Stridor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which breath sound is commonly due to bronchoconstriction or retained secretions and mostly heard during expiration?

Wheeze (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a hyper resonant percussion sound over the chest?

Emphysema or pneumothorax (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is not part of the cough mechanism?

Rapid contraction of the diaphragm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for high pitched breath sounds that can result from bronchospasm or asthma?

Wheeze (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes low pitched or snoring sounds usually associated with secretions lining the airways?

Rhonchi (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following percussion sounds indicates 'extreme dullness over dense tissues'?

Flat (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper airway?

Bronchi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the protection function in airway management?

Preventing aspiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

A history of exposure to what type of substances should be assessed in patients with pulmonary diseases?

Environmental or occupational toxins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which physical sign does NOT belong to the standard inspection during a pulmonary examination?

Digital pulse (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which observation is related to the sequence of chest wall during inspiration and expiration?

Ratio of inspiration to expiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of sternal and intercostal retractions indicate?

Upper sternum sinks inward (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of normal breath sound is characterized by a pause between inspiration and expiration?

Bronchial (C) Signup and view all the answers

In airway compromise, what does a gurgling sound typically indicate?

Fluid in the airway (B) Signup and view all the answers

What genetic deficiency can cause emphysema?

Alpha1-antitrypsin protein deficiency (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emphysema is identified by the destruction of alveolar interstitial due to smoking or pollutants?

Centrilobular (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is observed in someone with bronchiectasis?

Purulent, odorous sputum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common auscultation finding in a patient with pneumonia?

Rhonchi and crackles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which management strategy is NOT typically used for emphysema?

Diuretics (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a palpation finding in bronchiectasis?

Tachycardia and hypertension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic observation in a patient with ARDS?

Labored breathing pattern (D) Signup and view all the answers

What pulmonary condition is indicated by the destruction of the mucociliary escalator?

Bronchiectasis (A) Signup and view all the answers