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Questions and Answers

Why is there only a tiny amount of blood pressure going to the pulmonary capillary?

  • To prevent filtration (correct)
  • To support the heart's function
  • To regulate oxygen levels
  • To increase filtration

    • What is the primary reason for minimizing blood pressure in the pulmonary capillary?

  • Enhance gas exchange efficiency
  • Avoid causing filtration (correct)
  • Prevent clotting
  • Increase blood flow rate

    • What is the major consequence of high blood pressure in the pulmonary capillary?

  • Increased fluid leakage (correct)
  • Improved gas exchange
  • Enhanced nutrient absorption
  • Reduced oxygen content

    • What would happen if there were high blood pressure in the pulmonary capillary according to the text?

    <p>Filtration would occur more easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the minimal blood pressure in the pulmonary capillary contribute to its function?

    <p>Prevents unwanted filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capillary hydrostatic pressure inside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>10mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component contributes the most to the πcap (from proteins) inside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>Albumin (20mmHg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total value of πcap from proteins inside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>28mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force is responsible for the negative pressure outside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>Interstitial pressure (Pi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the value of πinterstitial relatively high outside the capillary?

    <p>Due to the presence of proteins in interstitial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated value for the left heart area?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the total peripheral resistance (TPR) were to be 50, what would be the left heart area value?

    <p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a left heart area value of 1 indicate about blood output per minute?

    <p>5L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the blood output per minute were to be 10L, what would be the left heart area value?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) affect the left heart area value?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the PAO2 in the basal region?

    <p>90 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in PAO2 between the apical and basal regions?

    <p>20 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the PO2 for blood going from the lungs to the heart?

    <p>100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region has a higher quantity of oxygenated blood, apical or basal?

    <p>Basal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the PAO2 in the apical region is 120 mmHg, what is the difference between the apical and basal regions?

    <p>-20 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the V/Q ratio in the apex?

    <p>3.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the region with V/Q = 3.4 in the apex lead to alveolar wasted volume?

    <p>Because there is more air than blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the V/Q ratio in the apex compare to the V/Q ratio in the base?

    <p>V/Q in the apex is higher than V/Q in the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region would likely have a higher amount of alveolar dead space based on the information provided?

    <p>Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a V/Q ratio of 0.5 indicate about air and blood distribution in a region?

    <p>More blood than air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In emphysema and fibrosis, what happens to the pulmonary vascular resistance?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in the AFTER LOAD being reached due to high pulmonary vascular resistance?

    <p>Both Emphysema and Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of reaching the AFTER LOAD in the context of pulmonary vascular resistance?

    <p>Increased Left Heart Failure risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to an FRC higher than normal?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between FRC and PVR in emphysema and fibrosis?

    <p>FRC is directly related to PVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high pulmonary vascular resistance in emphysema and fibrosis impact cardiac function?

    <p>Decreases left heart area value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does reaching the AFTER LOAD due to high pulmonary vascular resistance have on the right side of the heart?

    <p><strong>Increased</strong> risk of Right Heart Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does high pulmonary vascular resistance in emphysema and fibrosis contribute to Right Heart Failure?

    <p><strong>Reduced</strong> blood flow from lungs to heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated PO2 value for blood that goes from the lungs to the heart?

    <p>100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the PAO2 in the basal region is 90 mmHg, what is the difference in PO2 between the apical and basal regions?

    <p>20 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times higher is the quantity (Q) of oxygen in the basal region compared to the apex?

    <p>20 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated left heart area value if the total peripheral resistance (TPR) is 50?

    <p>Not calculable with the given information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would the left heart area value be indicative of a blood output per minute of 15L?

    <p>$Q_{base} &gt; Q_{apex}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would a huge amount of blood going to the pulmonary capillary lead to Pulmonary Edema?

    <p>Increased permeability of the pulmonary capillary membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of edemas that can occur after Pulmonary Edema?

    <p>Alveolar Edema, Interstitial Edema, Increased Capillary Blood Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the development of an Interstitial Edema following Pulmonary Edema?

    <p>Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Pulmonary Edema potentially impact gas exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Reduces surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of having an Alveolar Edema as a progression from Interstitial Edema?

    <p>Impaired ventilation-perfusion matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a lung with a closure in the airways has a V/Q ratio of ZERO, what will be the consequence on the Po2 level?

    <p>It will equal 40mmHg in the capillary venous side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a poorly ventilated lung with a closed BV, how would an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR) affect the Po2 level in the lung?

    <p>It will increase the O2 level in the capillary venous side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Po2 level in a poorly ventilated lung when there is high blood pressure in the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>It remains at 40mmHg in the capillary venous side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a lung with a closed BV has a V/Q ratio of ZERO, what would be the impact on oxygen diffusion between the capillary and alveoli?

    <p>O2 will flow from the capillary to the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a lung with a poorly ventilated area due to closed airways, what would be the effect on Po2 if there were an increase in interstitial pressure?

    <p>It would increase Po2 levels in the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the osmotic force due to interstitial fluid protein concentration in the lungs?

    <p>It aids in filtration force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the value of (-5mmHg) in the lungs affect intra-pleural pressure?

    <p>It decreases intra-pleural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the osmotic force due to interstitial fluid protein concentration play in maintaining lung function?

    <p>It balances filtration force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the pulmonary capillary, how does the osmotic force due to interstitial fluid protein concentration compare to capillary hydrostatic pressure?

    <p>It is higher than capillary hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the osmotic force due to interstitial fluid protein concentration contribute to the maintenance of lung physiology?

    <p>It counteracts filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the intraplural pressure when the 2 alveoli expand during inhalation?

    <p>It decreases to -6 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component contributes to the dilation of the extra capillary when the alveoli expand during inhalation?

    <p>Intraplural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of alveolar capillaries, what does Total R (TR) represent?

    <p>Sum of two different resistances in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point on the graph is the Total R (TR) at its minimum value?

    <p>At the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dilation of the extra capillary due to intraplural pressure changes impact Total R (TR) in alveolar capillaries?

    <p>Decreases TR</p> Signup and view all the answers

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