Puerperium Complications Quiz
41 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which condition is NOT classified as a complication of puerperium?

  • Gestational diabetes (correct)
  • Severe anaemia
  • Deep Venous Thrombosis
  • Puerperal pyrexia

What is a common sign of infection during the puerperium?

  • Increased appetite
  • Elevation of body temperature (correct)
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Weight loss

Which of the following is considered a severe complication that can occur during the puerperium?

  • Breast complications
  • Postpartum fatigue
  • Amniotic fluid embolism (correct)
  • Mild anxiety

Which complication involves the retained placenta or products of conception?

<p>Retained placental fragments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Puerperal sepsis is primarily characterized by what symptom?

<p>Elevation of body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of midwives in the context of puerperal complications?

<p>To recognize and intervene in complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the presence of abscess formation in the breast?

<p>Mastitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of cardiogenic shock?

<p>Myocardial infarction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of neurogenic shock?

<p>Pooling of blood in the peripheral vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is more commonly associated with septic shock compared to hypovolemic shock?

<p>Bradycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased venous return to the heart?

<p>Decreased cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological mechanism primarily regulates vascular tone?

<p>Autonomic nervous system activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of primary post-partum hemorrhage (PPH)?

<p>Uterine atony (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is associated with uterine atony?

<p>BMI over 35 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volume of blood loss classifies as major primary post-partum hemorrhage?

<blockquote> <p>1000 ml (A)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the '4 T's' associated with primary post-partum hemorrhage?

<p>Temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delivery is most commonly associated with trauma that can lead to primary post-partum hemorrhage?

<p>C-section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the retention of placental tissue after delivery?

<p>Tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an example of a coagulopathy that can lead to primary post-partum hemorrhage?

<p>Von Willebrand's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to manage the risk of primary post-partum hemorrhage after delivery?

<p>Prophylactic uterotonics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is primary post-partum hemorrhage defined in terms of blood volume?

<p>Blood loss greater than 500 ml within 24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is not recommended when managing a patient with suspected unsafe abortion?

<p>Perform vaginal examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient is in shock?

<p>Place the patient in dorsal position and elevate the foot of the bed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of unsafe abortion?

<p>A procedure for the termination of pregnancy by unqualified individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be administered if the patient is bleeding with products of conception?

<p>Ergomethrine 0.5mg or Misoprostol 400mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the incidence statistics related to unsafe abortion?

<p>23,000 women die annually from unsafe abortions in Sub-Saharan Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential component of counseling for a patient after unsafe abortion?

<p>Counsel on family planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is not available, what is the next recommended step?

<p>Refer to a higher medical facility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid is typically used to prevent hypovolemia in these cases?

<p>Normal Saline 0.9% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the symptoms the caregiver needs to monitor for after an unsafe abortion procedure?

<p>Offensive vaginal discharges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should pulse and respiration be checked in a patient undergoing management for unsafe abortion?

<p>Once every 15 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initial laboratory test is NOT included in the evaluation of primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Chest X-ray (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'T' in TRIM stand for in the management of primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Teamwork (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important part of the resuscitation phase in primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Giving 15L of 100% oxygen through a non-rebreathe mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for monitoring vital signs in a patient with primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Every 15 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures is NOT considered a pharmacological method to address uterine atony?

<p>Bimanual compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial approach to securing the airway in a patient experiencing primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Protect the airway due to reduced level of consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a last resort surgical intervention for managing primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Hysterectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which team members are essential during the immediate management of primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Multiple healthcare professionals including midwives, obstetricians, and anaesthetists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing catheterization in a patient with primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>To prevent bladder distension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is emphasized as a response during investigation and monitoring of a patient with primary post-partum haemorrhage?

<p>Assessing circulatory compromise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Puerperium

The period following childbirth, typically lasting around six weeks, when the body recovers and returns to its pre-pregnancy state.

Puerperal Sepsis

A bacterial infection that affects the uterus and surrounding tissues after childbirth, potentially leading to serious complications.

Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast tissue, often painful and accompanied by redness, swelling, and fever.

Breast Abscess

An abscess in the breast, characterized by a localized collection of pus within the breast tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severe Anemia

A condition involving a deficiency in red blood cells, leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, potentially leading to serious complications like pulmonary embolism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Puerperal Psychosis/Depression

A mental health condition characterized by mood swings, anxiety, and difficulty bonding with the baby, often experienced by women after childbirth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is primary post-partum hemorrhage (PPH)?

Primary post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) is the loss of more than 500 ml of blood from the vagina within 24 hours of childbirth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is minor PPH?

Minor PPH involves a blood loss between 500 ml and 1000 ml.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is major PPH?

Major PPH involves a blood loss of more than 1000 ml.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is uterine atony, and why is it significant in PPH?

Uterine atony, where the uterus doesn't contract properly after delivery, is the most common cause of PPH. It occurs due to a lack of tone in the uterine muscle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does retained placental tissue contribute to PPH?

Retention of placental tissue, preventing the uterus from contracting, is the second most common cause of PPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does trauma contribute to PPH?

Trauma to the reproductive tract during delivery, like vaginal tears or cervical tears, can cause PPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do coagulopathies and vascular abnormalities contribute to PPH?

Coagulopathies, such as von Willebrand's disease and hemophilia, and vascular abnormalities like placental abruption can cause PPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some risk factors for uterine atony?

Risk factors for uterine atony include advanced maternal age (over 40), high BMI (over 35), prolonged labor (over 12 hours), and placental problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some risk factors for trauma during delivery that can lead to PPH?

Risk factors for trauma during delivery that can lead to PPH include instrumental vaginal deliveries (forceps or ventouse), episiotomy, and C-section.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)?

A serious complication of childbirth characterized by excessive bleeding from the uterus after delivery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Primary PPH?

A type of PPH that occurs within 24 hours of childbirth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the TRIM approach to managing PPH?

A comprehensive approach to managing PPH, focusing on teamwork, resuscitation, investigations, and measures to control bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Resuscitation in PPH management?

A critical component of PPH management, involving immediate action to stabilize the patient's vital signs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the A-E approach to PPH resuscitation?

The key step in PPH resuscitation, involving providing a clear airway, oxygen support, and improving circulation, addressing disability and exposure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Uterine Atony in PPH?

A common cause of PPH involving a failure of the uterus to properly contract after delivery, leading to continued bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Bimanual Compression in PPH management?

A lifesaving technique for PPH involving manual compression of the uterus from inside the vagina and the abdomen to promote contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Pharmacological and Surgical Measures in PPH management?

A medication or surgical measure designed to increase uterine contraction and help stop PPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Balloon Tamponade in PPH management?

A common PPH management technique that uses a balloon-like device placed in the uterus to apply sustained pressure to control bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Haemostatic Sutures in PPH management?

A surgical procedure that involves suturing the uterus to stop bleeding, typically considered when other methods have failed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardiogenic Shock

A condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion. It can be caused by various factors, such as heart failure, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or cardiac arrhythmias.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurogenic Shock

A type of shock caused by a malfunctioning nervous system, leading to vasodilation and blood pooling in the peripheral blood vessels. This results in decreased venous return and inadequate tissue perfusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circulatory Shock

A category of shock characterized by blood pooling in the peripheral blood vessels due to loss of sympathetic tone or release of biochemical mediators. This leads to decreased venous return and inadequate tissue perfusion. Examples include septic shock, toxic shock, and anaphylactic shock.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tissue Hypoperfusion

A state where the body's tissues are not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood due to a decrease in blood flow. This can be caused by various factors, including decreased cardiac output, blood loss, or blood pooling.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular Tone

The ability of the blood vessels to constrict and regulate blood flow to different parts of the body, ensuring adequate blood supply to vital organs. It plays a key role in maintaining blood pressure and tissue perfusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unsafe Abortion

A procedure used to terminate an unwanted pregnancy that is performed by someone without the necessary skills or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards, or both.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shock

A condition where the body's response to injury or illness causes a decrease in blood pressure, leading to reduced blood flow to organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypovolemia

A condition where there is a loss of blood volume in the body, often due to bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ergomethrine

A medication used to help stop bleeding, often used after a miscarriage or abortion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Misoprostol

A medication used to help stop bleeding, often used after a miscarriage or abortion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA)

A procedure used to remove the contents of the uterus after a miscarriage or abortion using a suction device.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Septic Abortion

A condition where tissues in the uterus become infected, often after a miscarriage or abortion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Paracetamol

A type of pain reliever often used for pain associated with miscarriage or abortion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ampicillin

A type of antibiotic often used to prevent infection after a miscarriage or abortion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Complicated Midwifery II (Abnormal Puerperium, BMP 311)

  • Third year, first semester course outline
  • Course designed for students to recognize conditions deviating from normal during puerperium.
  • Course emphasizes midwives' roles in early diagnosis, appropriate intervention, and referral.

Unit I: Complications of Puerperium

  • Breast complications:
    • Subinvolution
    • Wound abscess and hematoma
    • Primary and secondary postpartum hemorrhage
  • Puerperal pyrexia: 
    • Fever and associated symptoms during puerperium
  • Puerperal sepsis: 
    • Infection during puerperium
  • Pelvic abscess:  -Collection of pus in the pelvic region
  • Endometritis:
    • Uterine wall infection
  • Deep Venous Thrombosis (DTV)/Thrombophlebitis:
    • Blood clot forms in a deep vein
  • Severe anemia: Low hemoglobin levels
  • Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein with a blood clot
  • Puerperial psychosis/depression: 
    • Mental health conditions postpartum
  • Shock: Severe low blood pressure
  • Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE): Amniotic fluid entering the circulatory system
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): Abnormal blood clotting throughout the body
  • Eclampsia: Severe pregnancy complication with seizures
  • Retained placenta/product of conception: Uterus failing to contract after delivery

Acute Puerperal Mastitis

  • Inflammation of the breast, possibly leading to abscess formation
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause

Breast Abscess

  • Accumulation of pus in the breast, often a consequence of mastitis.
  • Typically painful, edematous, and inflamed.

Breast Engorgement

  • Breast swelling and fullness after childbirth, often painful.
  • May be related to inefficient breastfeeding or suckling

Inefficient Feeding/Suckling

  • Poor suckling reflex
  • Incorrect attachment/positioning
  • Delayed initiation of breastfeeding
  • Sudden cessation of breastfeeding

Complications of Puerperium

  • Infection or pre-existing illness can interfere with the patient's well-being.
  • Infections include pelvic infection, mastitis, and breast abscesses.
  • Thromboembolism can occur frequently during the 6-week puerperium

Acute Puerperal Mastitis

  • Inflammation of the breast, externally painful,
  • May lead to abscess formation.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is the primary pathogen.
  • Typically occurs after the 8th postnatal day.

Breast Abscess-

  • Pus accumulation within the breast-
  • Usually a complication of mastitis

Post-Partum Haemorrhage

  • Blood loss of 500ml or more within 24 hours of delivery.
  • Leading cause of maternal mortality in low-income countries

Primary vs Secondary Postpartum Hemorrhage

  • Primary PPΗ: Severe blood loss within the first 24 hours.
  • Secondary PPΗ: Excessive bleeding lasting up to 12 weeks postpartum.

Causes of Secondary PPH

  • Uterine infection (endometritis)
  • Retained placental fragments/tissue
  • Abnormal involution of the placental site
  • Trophoblastic disease

Clinical features of Secondary PPH

  • Excessive vaginal bleeding (slight spotting to severe hemorrhage)
  • Presence of pain
  • Foul smelling lochia (discharge)
  • Abdominal tenderness

Investigations

  • Full Blood Count
  • Urea and electrolytes
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Coagulation profile
  • Group and Save and Blood Cultures

Management

  • Prompt Treatment
  • Antibiotic medication
  • Uterotonic drugs
  • Surgical intervention if necessary

Prevention

  • Proper hygiene
  • Attention to hand-washing
  • Early treatment of infections or illness

Abortion

  • Common cause of bleeding in early pregnancy
  • Significant cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
  • Definition: Loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks of gestation

(1) Threatened Abortion

  • Signs and symptoms:light bleeding.
  • Management: Bed rest. Observe regularly.

(II) Inevitable Abortion

  • Signs and symptoms:heavy bleeding.
  • Management: Expectant or MVA; urgent

(III) Incomplete Abortion

  • Signs and symptoms:persistent bleeding, dilated cervix.
  • Management: MVA or D&C

(IV) Missed Abortion

  • Signs and symptoms:no bleeding, dilated cervix
  • Management: evacuation, D&C

(V) Habitual Abortion

  • Signs and symptoms:recurring miscarriage
  • Management: investigate

(6) Rupture of the Uterus

  • Signs and symptoms:severe, persistent pain.
  • Management: urgent laparotomy or hysterectomy

(7) Ectopic pregnancy

  • Signs and symptoms:vaginal bleeding.
  • Management: Immediate referral and surgery.

(8) Placenta previa

  • Signs and symptoms:vaginal bleeding

  • Management urgent referral, surgical intervention

  • (9) Abruptio placentae

  • Signs and symptoms:pain, bleeding

  • Management: urgent referral, surgery.

Puerperal Psychosis

  • Rare but severe mental health disorder affecting women after childbirth.
  • Sudden onset, marked by severe behavioral issues including hallucinations and delusions.

Obstetric Shock

  • Life-threatening emergency conditions during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period.
  • Characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion.

Causes of Shock

  • Blood loss (hemorrhage)
  • Fluid loss (dehydration)
  • Cardiogenic issues (heart conditions)
  • Allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
  • Infections (septic shock)
  • Spinal injuries, autonomic shock

Management of Shock

  • Immediately treat cause
  • Secure and maintain airway
  • Rapid fluid replacement

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Complicated Puerperium Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the complications of puerperium, including signs of infection and severe conditions that may arise. This quiz covers critical aspects such as the roles of midwives and various shock types in postpartum scenarios. Ensure you understand these important concepts in maternal health.

More Like This

Puerperal Care and Abnormal Puerperium Quiz
49 questions

Puerperal Care and Abnormal Puerperium Quiz

PraiseworthyHill avatar
PraiseworthyHill
Puerperium Definition and Objectives
4 questions

Puerperium Definition and Objectives

MagicTropicalRainforest6740 avatar
MagicTropicalRainforest6740
Puerpério Patológico: Complicações Pós-Parto
53 questions

Puerpério Patológico: Complicações Pós-Parto

PlentifulPeridot3780 avatar
PlentifulPeridot3780
Complicated Midwifery II - BMP 311
39 questions

Complicated Midwifery II - BMP 311

RationalRooster8611 avatar
RationalRooster8611
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser