Public Speaking Overview and Techniques
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Public Speaking Overview and Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is public speaking?

When an individual speaks to a group of people, assuming responsibility for speaking for a period of time.

Who does the focus is on in public speaking?

The audience.

What does audience centered mean?

When the speaker bases their speech off of the audience's expectations and situation before, during, and after the speech.

What is the digital divide?

<p>The gap between countries with high levels of technology and countries with low levels of technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rhetoric?

<p>Aristotle's term for public speaking, what we call audience centered communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aristotle focus on?

<p>The importance of adapting to different situations and audiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match Aristotle's proofs with their definitions:

<p>Logos = Appeal based on logic, facts and numbers Pathos = Appeal to the emotions Ethos = Appeal based on the speaker's credibility and character Mythos = Appeal based on cultural values and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Cicero's Five Arts foundational to public speaking?

<p>Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is invention in public speaking?

<p>What the speaker wants to say.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is arrangement in public speaking?

<p>Organization of ideas; intro, body, conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is style in public speaking?

<p>Imagery used by the speaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is memory in public speaking?

<p>Speaker's ability to give an effective speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is delivery in public speaking?

<p>The actual presentation, how the speaker uses their voice and body gestures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are narratives in public speaking?

<p>A story used in a speech, one of the most powerful tools to connect to an audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are transferable skills?

<p>Skills that can be transferred from one context to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the transferable skills of public speaking?

<ol> <li>Build confidence and manage speech anxiety 2. Become better listeners 3. Adapt to diverse audiences 4. Learn how to be credible 5. Learn how to find and use reliable information 6. Learn how to organize information to ease understanding.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of communication?

<ol> <li>Interpersonal 2. Small-group 3. Organizational 4. Mass communication 5. Public communication.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is interpersonal communication?

<p>When 2+ people act individually, your friends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is small group communication?

<p>3+ people interact to reach a shared goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is organizational communication?

<p>Flow of information within and among organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mass communication?

<p>Information transmitted to large audiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is public communication?

<p>Presenting for a limited amount of time, speaker sends message to community outside of their reach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the spheres of communication?

<ol> <li>Mass media 2. Mediated personal communications 3. Expressive technology 4. Face-to-face.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are models of human communication?

<p>Visualization of the communication process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of human communication models?

<ol> <li>Transmission model 2. Interactional model 3. Transactional model.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission model?

<p>Communication as information flowing from sender to receiver, one way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interaction model?

<p>Adds channel and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transactional model?

<p>Adds noise, context, and environment to the interaction model; becomes audience centered communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the parts of audience centered communication with their definitions:

<p>Audience = People that receive the message, focus of speech Speaker = Person giving the speech Message = Words and nonverbal actions used to convey an idea or feelings Channel = Mode of communication Noise = Anything that interferes with the understanding of the message Feedback = Audience members' response to the speech Context = The situation where speech is given Environment = External events that influence speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of feedback in public speaking?

<p>Provides speaker information about how an audience understands the message based on their response to the speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is context in public speaking?

<p>The situation where the speech is given, the occasion, and the physical location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is environment in public speaking?

<p>External events that influence speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Public Speaking Overview

  • Public speaking involves an individual addressing a group, assuming the responsibility of speaking for a designated time.
  • The primary focus in public speaking is the audience.

Audience-Centered Approach

  • Effective public speaking is audience centered, involving the speaker's adaptation to the audience’s expectations throughout the speech process.

Digital Divide

  • Refers to the gap between nations with high technological advancement and those with limited access to technology.

Rhetoric and Aristotle

  • Rhetoric is defined as audience-centered communication, rooted in Aristotle's teachings.
  • Aristotle emphasized adapting to different audiences and situations.
  • He identified key persuasive elements known as Aristotle's Proofs: Logos, Pathos, Ethos, and Mythos.

Aristotle's Appeals

  • Logos: Logical appeal using facts and statistics.
  • Pathos: Emotional appeal targeting audience feelings.
  • Ethos: Credibility and trustworthiness of the speaker.
  • Mythos: Appeal to cultural beliefs and values.

Cicero's Five Arts of Public Speaking

  • Invention: Identifying what to communicate.
  • Arrangement: Structuring the speech with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
  • Style: Crafting the speech with effective imagery.
  • Memory: The speaker's ability to deliver the speech effectively.
  • Delivery: The manner in which the speech is presented including voice and body language.

Importance of Narratives

  • Use of stories in speeches is a powerful tool for connecting with the audience.

Transferable Skills from Public Speaking

  • Skills gained include building confidence and managing speech anxiety, improving listening abilities, adapting to diverse audiences, establishing credibility, finding and utilizing reliable information, and organizing thoughts for clarity.

Types of Communication

  • Various forms include:
    • Interpersonal communication: one-on-one interactions.
    • Small group communication: 3+ individuals working towards a common goal.
    • Organizational communication: information flow within organizations.
    • Mass communication: reaching large audiences.
    • Public communication: limited time presentations directed at a community.

Spheres of Communication

  • Key spheres include mass media, mediated personal communications, expressive technology, and face-to-face interactions. Their convergence enhances communication effectiveness.

Models of Human Communication

  • Visual representations of communication processes encompass:
    • Transmission Model: One-way communication from sender to receiver.
    • Interactional Model: Introduces feedback and communication channels.
    • Transactional Model: Incorporates noise, context, and environment, focusing on audience-centered communication.

Components of Audience-Centered Communication

  • Comprised of several key elements:
    • Audience: Recipients of the message.
    • Speaker: The individual delivering the speech.
    • Message: Ideas conveyed through verbal and nonverbal communication.
    • Channel: Mode of communication used.
    • Noise: Any interruption that affects message reception.
    • Feedback: Audience responses that inform speakers about message understanding.
    • Context: The situation, occasion, and physical setting of the speech.
    • Environment: External factors influencing the speech.

Role of Feedback

  • Essential for understanding how well the audience comprehends the message based on their reactions.

Context and Environment

  • Context encompasses the circumstances of the speech, while the environment includes external events affecting the delivery and reception of the speech.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of public speaking, focusing on audience-centered communication and the teachings of Aristotle. This quiz covers key concepts including the digital divide and the rhetorical appeals of Logos, Pathos, Ethos, and Mythos. Perfect for those looking to enhance their speaking skills and adapt to various audiences.

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