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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a benefit of public speaking in an educational context?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a benefit of public speaking in an educational context?
What is a primary benefit of public speaking in a career setting?
What is a primary benefit of public speaking in a career setting?
How can public speaking be beneficial in someone's personal life?
How can public speaking be beneficial in someone's personal life?
What is a KEY difference between writing a paper and delivering a speech, as indicated in the content?
What is a KEY difference between writing a paper and delivering a speech, as indicated in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a goal of a speech?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a goal of a speech?
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Which model of communication emphasizes the transmission of a signal over the meaning of the message?
Which model of communication emphasizes the transmission of a signal over the meaning of the message?
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According to the Encoding/Decoding model, what primarily influences how messages are produced and received?
According to the Encoding/Decoding model, what primarily influences how messages are produced and received?
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In communication, what is 'noise' primarily referring to?
In communication, what is 'noise' primarily referring to?
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Which of the following is NOT explicitly identified as a potential goal of a speech?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly identified as a potential goal of a speech?
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What is the primary focus of 'disinterested deliberation' in the context of civic agency?
What is the primary focus of 'disinterested deliberation' in the context of civic agency?
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What is the meaning of communication?
What is the meaning of communication?
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Which of these options best describes 'prophetic frame shifting'?
Which of these options best describes 'prophetic frame shifting'?
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What is the relationship between 'civic engagement' and an individual's social circle?
What is the relationship between 'civic engagement' and an individual's social circle?
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When 'miscommunication' occurs, what discrepancy arises?
When 'miscommunication' occurs, what discrepancy arises?
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Which element of the speech is related to the visual aspects such as slide decks or handouts used by the speaker?
Which element of the speech is related to the visual aspects such as slide decks or handouts used by the speaker?
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Which of the following is a key aspect of the 'transactional model' of communication?
Which of the following is a key aspect of the 'transactional model' of communication?
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What is the intention behind practicing breathing exercises to reduce communication apprehension?
What is the intention behind practicing breathing exercises to reduce communication apprehension?
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An effective means of 'reducing communication apprehension' would include:
An effective means of 'reducing communication apprehension' would include:
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Which of the following best describes the term 'fair fighting' as it relates to civic agency?
Which of the following best describes the term 'fair fighting' as it relates to civic agency?
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What is the first step in creating community change, according to the presented actions?
What is the first step in creating community change, according to the presented actions?
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Study Notes
Public Speaking Module 1: Introduction
- The module introduces public speaking, focusing on fundamental elements, skills, and goals.
- Learning outcomes outline key concepts, including the goals and benefits of public speaking, recognition of communication apprehension and reduction strategies, and describing how public speaking can advocate or create change. It also considers the social and historical contexts of speech, oratory, and rhetoric.
Speaking Effectively
- Public speaking benefits students, personally, professionally and academically
- The process of communication with others is explained, including fundamental elements of a speech as well as the difference between writing a paper and a speech.
- The goals of a speech are outlined.
Benefits of Public Speaking
- Education: Research effectively, make stronger arguments, organize ideas, increase confidence.
- Career: Be a more effective leader, develop problem-solving and critical thinking, hone presentation skills.
- Personal: Inspire people, grow confidence, be a better listener, become a powerful advocate.
What is Communication?
- Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity (person or group) to another using mutually understood signs, symbols and rules.
- Miscommunication occurs when the intended meaning of a message does not match the way the message is interpreted.
Models of Communication
- Linear Model (Shannon 1948): Communication moves linearly (single direction) from source to destination, emphasizing signal transmission over meaning. Noise disrupts the signal. Used by Bell in telephone development.
- Transactional Model (Barnlund 1970): Communication is a two-way process. Meaning is co-created simultaneously within the process.
- Encoding/Decoding Model (Hall 1973): Cultural, political, and economic contexts influence how messages are produced and received. Decoding a message determines meaning as much as encoding. Used to analyze TV discourse.
Creation of Meaning
- Key elements in communication include: Communicators (encoders/decoders), Message (verbal/nonverbal), Channel (in-person/mediated), Feedback (verbal/nonverbal), Interference (Internal & External noise), and the Context (situation/relationship/setting).
Class Discussion
- Benefits and drawbacks of various communication channels (e.g., in-person, phone, radio, email, TV/internet broadcast, video chat, text, social media) should be discussed.
Goals of a Speech
- To Inform: Overcome confusion, clarify misunderstanding, learn new information.
- To Persuade: Change attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, or policy.
- To Entertain: Form a connection through emotion. To Commemorate a person, occasion, or event; build an emotional connection.
Elements of a Speech
- The speech includes a speaker, audience, source citations, context, visual aids, and delivery.
Speaking Confidently
- The focus is on communication apprehension (CA) and how to reduce it.
Causes of Communication Apprehension
- Causes include fear of failure, feeling different or inferior to the audience, high stakes, uncertainty, and being the centre of attention.
Reducing Communication Apprehension
- Preparation strategies: Analyze the audience, visit the performance space, ask questions, conduct thorough research, and prep mentally.
- Positivity strategies: Focus on the message, engage in vocal warm-ups and breathing exercises, remember the audience wants you to do well, employ positive self-talk, and visualize the speech going well.
- Practice strategies: Rehearse the speech, practice in chunks, practice in front of various audiences, and analyze each practice session.
Speaking Powerfully
- Focus on public speaking's ability to create and advocate for change.
Learning Outcomes: Speaking Powerfully
- Public speaking as advocacy and civic engagement and community change.
3 Tasks of Civic Agency
- Three tasks of the ideal civic agent include Disinterested Deliberation (citizens gather, polite discussion), Prophetic Frame Shifting (intended to shift societal values), and Fair Fighting/Activism (transparent interest, passion for legal change).
Civic Engagement
- Civic engagement extends beyond social circles to oppositional and undecided audiences
- Advocacy requires identifying goals and asking the audience to consider those ideas.
Civic Agency
- Three dimensions of civic agency: Disinterested Discourse, Prophetic Frame Shifting, and Fair Fighting/Activism.
Creating Community Change
- Strategies for creating community change via public speaking involve unifying the audience, creating specific calls-to-action, identifying the intended audience, and positioning yourself on the agenda.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental elements and goals of public speaking as introduced in Module 1. Students will learn about communication apprehension, reduction strategies, and the historical contexts of oratory. Additionally, the module emphasizes the personal, professional, and academic benefits of effective public speaking.
