Public Speaking Essentials
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Questions and Answers

Why is public speaking considered a liberal art?

  • To educate people in democracies (correct)
  • To persuade the audience
  • To entertain the audience
  • To inform the audience

    • What are the ethical principles for public speaking?

    Ethical principles for public speaking include honesty, respect, fairness, and responsibility.

    Eeffective speakers are always audience-centered.

    True

    ______ is key to developing confidence in public speaking.

    <p>Effective speech planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps in speech-planning to their descriptions:

    <p>Step 1 = Selecting a speech goal appropriate to the rhetorical situation Step 2 = Understanding the audience and adapting to it Step 3 = Gathering and evaluating information for the speech Step 4 = Organizing and developing ideas into a well-structured outline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What online tool allows you to upload video files of practice speeches?

    <p>Speech Studio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you do in CourseMate to improve your study time? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Watch videos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CourseMate allows you to access resources to succeed in your Communication course.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some strategies for adapting to audiences discussed in Chapter 5?

    <p>Strategies for adapting to audiences discussed in Chapter 5 include demonstrating timeliness, proximity, personal impact, initial audience disposition, common ground, speaker credibility, information comprehension and retention, language and cultural differences, and forming a specific plan of audience adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some components of speaker credibility mentioned in Chapter 5?

    <p>Demonstrating knowledge and expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ and cultural differences are discussed as important considerations in effective communication according to Chapter 5.

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following presentation aids with their types:

    <p>Visual Aids = Posters Audio Aids = Whiteboards or Chalkboards Audiovisual Aids = Other Sensory Aids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three guidelines for using presentation aids during a speech.

    <p>Three guidelines for using presentation aids during a speech include: 1. Use 'We' language; 2. Use bias-free language; 3. Adapt to cultural diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language should be used to avoid offensive humor, profanity, and vulgarity during a speech?

    <p>Bias-free language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Speaking vividly involves the use of sensory language and rhetorical figures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ involves the use of specific language, familiar terms, and providing details and examples.

    <p>Speaking clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three rhetorical strategies discussed for persuasion?

    <p>Logos, Ethos, Pathos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) used for in persuasive messages?

    <p>It is used to explain how people process persuasive messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organizational frameworks with their purpose in persuasive speeches:

    <p>Common Organizational Frameworks for Speeches to Convince = Aim to persuade the audience to believe or agree with a certain viewpoint Organizational Frameworks for Speeches to Actuate = Aim to persuade the audience to take specific actions Speeches of Welcome = Introduce and set the tone for an event or gathering Speeches of Tribute = Usually includes toasts, roasts, and eulogies to honor someone or something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conflicts in group settings can arise due to both issues and personality clashes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical guidelines does Chapter 14 discuss when attempting to persuade others?

    <p>Fairness, respect, and responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific techniques does Chapter 2 suggest for managing speech anxiety?

    <p>breathing techniques and progressive muscle relaxation exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The revised edition clarifies that persuasion involves solely logical reasoning or emotional and motivational arguments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chapter 1 introduces five fundamental ethical standards: honesty, integrity, fairness, _______, and responsibility.

    <p>respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electronic conferencing is briefly introduced in this section.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Speech Plan Action Steps discussed in this section?

    <p>To guide students through the speech preparation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the Sample student speeches in Chapters 1, 11, 12, and 14 include?

    <p>Adaptation plans, outlines, and transcripts with accompanying analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Speech Snippet boxes provide 'snippets' of speeches by student speakers dealing with various speech preparation ________________.

    <p>issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PowerLecture CD-ROM for the fifteenth edition contain?

    <p>electronic version of the Instructor's Resource Manual, ExamView® Computerized Testing, predesigned Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentations, and JoinIn® classroom quizzing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topics are covered in the instructor workbooks related to basic public speaking? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Anxiety management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DVD 'Speeches by Barack Obama' includes speeches only from 2004 to 2008.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Turn-It-In help students learn to correctly cite?

    <p>sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Chapter 3 address at the beginning?

    <p>Hearing vs. listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An effective speech goal should only focus on what the speaker wants to talk about.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been updated in Chapter 6 to reflect modern information seeking practices?

    <p>The way college students and professionals use the Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Chapter 9, the expectations for audio and visual materials alongside speeches have ____.

    <p>increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their corresponding topics: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos

    <p>Logos = Logical reasoning Ethos = Speaker credibility Pathos = Emotions in persuasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CourseMate and Study Tools

    • CourseMate is an online platform that provides access to various study tools, including textbooks, notes, flashcards, videos, and practice quizzes.
    • Speech Studio is a tool within CourseMate that allows users to upload video files of practice speeches or final performances, comment on peers' speeches, and review grades and instructor feedback.

    The Challenge of Effective Speaking

    • The book is written by Rudolph F. Verderber, Deanna D. Sellnow, and Kathleen S. Verderber.
    • The 15th edition is copyrighted in 2010 and published by Cengage Learning.
    • The book is available in various formats, including eBook and eChapter, and may have some third-party content suppressed due to electronic rights.

    Effective Speaking

    • Public speaking is a vital skill for effective communication, and the book provides guidance on developing this skill.
    • The human communication process involves participants, messages, channels, interference/noise, feedback, and contexts.
    • Public speaking is a liberal art that plays a crucial role in democracies, and effective public speaking can empower individuals and communities.
    • Ethical principles for public speaking are essential, and understanding the rhetorical situation (speaker, audience, and occasion) is critical for effective communication.

    Part One: Orientation

    • Chapter 1: Foundations of Public Speaking

      • The chapter covers the human communication process, public speaking as a liberal art, ethical principles, and understanding the rhetorical situation.
      • Effective speakers are audience-centered, include audience-appropriate content, and deliver speeches expressively.

    • Chapter 2: Developing Confidence through the Speech-Planning Process

      • The chapter discusses public speaking apprehension, its symptoms, causes, and management techniques.
      • General methods for managing public speaking apprehension include preparation, positive self-talk, and relaxation techniques.
      • Specific techniques include visualization, breathing exercises, and physical exercise.### Effective Speech Planning

    • Effective speech planning involves six steps: selecting a speech goal, understanding the audience, gathering and evaluating information, organizing and developing ideas, choosing presentation aids, and practicing oral language and delivery style.

    Steps of Effective Speech Planning

    • Step 1: Select a speech goal that is appropriate to the rhetorical situation.
    • Step 2: Understand the audience and adapt to it.
    • Step 3: Gather and evaluate information to use in the speech.
    • Step 4: Organize and develop ideas into a well-structured outline.
    • Step 5: Choose, prepare, and use appropriate presentation aids.
    • Step 6: Practice oral language and delivery style.

    Preparing a Narrative/Personal Experience Speech

    • Preparing a narrative or personal experience speech involves selecting a speech goal, understanding the audience, gathering and evaluating information, organizing and developing ideas, and choosing presentation aids.

    Listening and Responding Effectively

    • Effective listening involves attending, understanding, and remembering.
    • Improving listening skills involves attending, understanding, and responding.
    • Types of listening include: attentive, empathic, and critical listening.
    • Preparing a constructive critique involves understanding the speaker's goals, identifying the speaker's main points, and evaluating the speaker's evidence.

    Principles of Effective Speech Planning

    • Step 1: Selecting an appropriate speech goal involves identifying potential topics, brainstorming, and concept mapping.
    • Analyzing the audience involves understanding the audience's demographics, needs, and expectations.
    • Analyzing the occasion involves understanding the context, purpose, and constraints of the speech.

    Adapting to Audiences

    • Adapting to audiences involves understanding the audience's needs, values, and expectations.
    • Relevance involves demonstrating timeliness, proximity, and personal impact.
    • Initial audience disposition involves understanding the audience's attitudes and beliefs.
    • Common ground involves using personal pronouns, asking rhetorical questions, and drawing from common experiences.
    • Speaker credibility involves demonstrating knowledge, expertise, and trustworthiness.
    • Information comprehension and retention involve appealing to diverse learning styles, using transitions, and choosing specific and familiar language.

    Gathering and Evaluating Information

    • Gathering information involves locating and evaluating information sources, including personal knowledge, secondary research, and primary research.
    • Evaluating information involves identifying relevant information, selecting factual statements, expert opinions, and elaborations.
    • Drawing information from multiple cultural perspectives involves understanding different cultural viewpoints.

    Organizing and Outlining the Speech Body

    • Constructing a thesis statement involves identifying main points and writing a clear and concise statement.
    • Outlining the body of the speech involves identifying main points, subpoints, and supporting material.
    • Creating transitions involves using transitional phrases and sentences to connect ideas.

    The Introduction and Conclusion

    • Creating an introduction involves understanding the goals of the introduction, selecting the best introduction, and crafting a clear and concise introduction.
    • Creating a conclusion involves understanding the goals of the conclusion, selecting the best conclusion, and summarizing the main points.
    • Completing the outline involves listing sources, writing a title, and reviewing the outline.

    Presentation Aids

    • Types of presentation aids include visual, audio, audiovisual, and other sensory aids.
    • Criteria for choosing presentation aids involve understanding the audience, the message, and the occasion.
    • Preparing effective presentation aids involves understanding the purpose, design, and display of aids.

    Language and Oral Style

    • Oral style involves speaking appropriately, accurately, clearly, and vividly.
    • Speaking appropriately involves using "we" language, bias-free language, and adapting to cultural diversity.
    • Speaking accurately involves using denotation, connotation, and dialect.
    • Speaking clearly involves using specific language, choosing familiar terms, and providing details and examples.

    Practicing Delivery

    • Effective delivery involves using a conversational style, being animated, and using vocal expressiveness.

    • Characteristics of an effective delivery style include using a conversational tone, being animated, and speaking intelligibly.

    • Practicing delivery involves using vocal expressiveness, varying pitch, rate, and volume, and using pauses effectively.### Effective Use of Body

    • Eye contact is important in effective speaking

    • Facial expressions, gestures, movement, posture, and poise are also crucial in conveying confidence and engaging the audience

    • Appearance can also affect the audience's perception of the speaker

    Delivery Methods

    • Impromptu speeches are delivered without prior preparation
    • Scripted speeches are written and rehearsed beforehand
    • Extemporaneous speeches are prepared in advance but not memorized

    Rehearsal

    • Preparing speaking notes helps in organizing thoughts and ideas
    • Handling presentation aids effectively can enhance the speech
    • Rehearsing and refining delivery helps in building confidence and improving the overall performance

    Adapting to the Audience

    • The rhetorical situation involves understanding the audience, occasion, and purpose of the speech
    • Adapting to the audience involves considering their needs, interests, and expectations

    Informative Speaking

    • Characteristics of effective informative speaking include being intellectually stimulating, relevant, creative, and memorable
    • Methods of informing include description, definition, comparison and contrast, narration, and demonstration
    • Common informative frameworks include process speeches and expository speeches

    Persuasive Speaking

    • The nature of persuasion involves understanding how people process persuasive messages
    • The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) explains how people process persuasive messages
    • The rhetorical strategies of logos, ethos, and pathos are used to persuade the audience

    Logos

    • Logos involves using reasoning and evidence to persuade the audience
    • Two types of reasoning are used in logos: inductive and deductive
    • Forming arguments, types and tests of arguments, and reasoning fallacies are important aspects of logos

    Ethos

    • Ethos involves conveying good character and credibility to persuade the audience
    • Conveying competence and credibility is essential in establishing ethos

    Pathos

    • Pathos involves evoking emotions to persuade the audience
    • Evoking negative and positive emotions, and guidelines for appealing to emotions are important aspects of pathos

    Ceremonial Speaking

    • Speeches of welcome, introduction, nomination, recognition, and acceptance are examples of ceremonial speaking
    • Expectations and guidelines for each type of speech are important to consider

    Group Presentations

    • Responsibilities of group members include preparing, rehearsing, and delivering the presentation
    • Conflict resolution and systematic group problem-solving methods are essential in group presentations
    • Evaluating group effectiveness and individual contributions is important in improving the presentation

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