Public Sector Equality Duty Overview

Korean immigrant women caring for parents-in-law face difficulties like language barriers, unfamiliar healthcare systems, balancing work/family, and family relationships issues.

Traditional Korean norms often pressure women to care for parents-in-law.

Korean immigrant caregivers use family/friends, community resources, and cultural adaptation to manage caregiving responsibilities.

Nursing skills to understand and work effectively with diverse cultural groups, containing awareness, attitudes, cultural knowledge and cross-cultural skills.

Understanding cultural worldview, attitudes towards differences, knowledge of practices and worldview, along with cross-cultural skillsets.

Nurses examine their own cultural biases and beliefs to better interact with diverse patients.

Nurses can improve cultural competence through self-reflection, continuous education, and building cultural knowledge.

Gaining understanding of different cultures' beliefs and healthcare practices.

Providing care that is sensitive to and respects a patient's cultural background, beliefs, and practices.

Trained professionals who facilitate communication between healthcare providers and patients who don't speak the same language.

A healthcare team with members from various cultural backgrounds, promoting understanding of different needs and perspectives.

Programs designed to educate healthcare providers about cultural sensitivity and effective communication in diverse settings.

Strategies implemented by healthcare organizations to promote an understanding and respect of diverse cultures, and to address cultural disparity.

Understanding how different aspects of a person's identity, like race, gender, and sexual orientation, interact and influence their experiences.

A person's internal sense of their own gender, which may or may not align with the sex assigned at birth.

The way a person expresses their gender through appearance, behavior, and other outward signs.

Describes someone whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

The higher rates of mental health problems experienced by LGBTQ+ people compared to the general population.

Ethnic minorities often experience poorer health, limited access to healthcare, and worse health outcomes compared to their white counterparts.

Ethnic minorities, especially Black African women and Gypsy/Traveller communities, are disproportionately detained under mental health legislation and experience higher rates of mental health issues.

Skills healthcare professionals need to effectively work with diverse patients, including self-awareness, sensitivity to cultural beliefs, and active listening.

Healthcare professionals should be respectful of patients' religious and spiritual values, avoiding judgments and incorporating these beliefs into care.

Understanding the patient's perspective on their illness, including their beliefs about its cause, treatment, and desired outcomes.

Healthcare professionals should actively engage with patients, ask open-ended questions, and show genuine curiosity about their experiences.

A person who facilitates communication and understanding between healthcare professionals and patients from different cultural backgrounds.

The chronic stress faced by LGBTQ+ individuals due to prejudice, discrimination, and societal stigma. This leads to increased risks for mental health issues.

Subtle, everyday acts of discrimination, prejudice, and hostility towards LGBTQ+ individuals. These can contribute to mental health challenges.

Violence against LGBTQ+ individuals, ranging from hate crimes to microaggressions, significantly contributes to higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts.

Early interventions and prevention programs are crucial to address mental health inequalities in LGBTQ+ communities. They aim to decrease stigma, promote inclusive environments, and provide support.

Programs and initiatives that promote positive mental health for everyone, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. This can include training teachers, healthcare professionals, and community members.

Addressing the root causes of LGBTQ+ mental health inequalities by changing societal norms, policies, and attitudes that promote discrimination and prejudice.

Robust research with large, representative samples is essential to understand the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals and to develop effective interventions.

A person whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned at birth.

The way a person identifies their sexual attraction and/or romantic desires.

An umbrella term representing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual and other sexual and gender identities.

Sexual and Gender Minorities: People who do not identify as heterosexual and/or cisgender.

A term used as an umbrella term for all non-heterosexual and/or non-cisgender identities.

Changes made by a transgender person to align their physical or social presentation with their gender identity.

Culturally competent care includes using understandable language, providing interpreters, respecting patients' cultural beliefs, recruiting diverse staff, analyzing demographics, and forming committees to promote cultural awareness.

Organizations can support cultural competence by providing training programs, allocating resources for interpreters and culturally appropriate materials, creating a diverse workforce, establishing supportive policies, and offering ongoing professional development opportunities.

A diverse workforce ensures a better understanding of diverse patient needs and perspectives, leading to more effective and culturally sensitive care.

A legal duty requiring public bodies to consider equality in their operations. It aims to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity, and foster good relations.

Attributes that are protected from discrimination under the Equality Act 2010. Examples include age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation.

Actions taken to remove or minimize disadvantages faced by people with protected characteristics. This includes meeting their needs and encouraging participation in public life.

Promoting understanding and tackling prejudice among people with and without protected characteristics.

Public authorities and those exercising public functions must have due regard to eliminating discrimination, advancing equality of opportunity, and fostering good relations between those with protected characteristics and those without.

This duty requires active consideration of equality issues during policy development and decision-making, not just avoiding discrimination.

Examples include age, disability, gender reassignment, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation.

Eliminating discrimination means stopping unfair treatment based on protected characteristics. Advancing equality of opportunity involves taking steps to remove or minimize disadvantages faced by people with these characteristics.

Due to traditional Korean cultural norms, there is significant pressure on Korean immigrant women to care for their parents-in-law.

Korean immigrant caregivers typically use strategies like seeking support from family and friends, utilizing community resources, and adapting to new cultural contexts.

Nurses should engage in self-reflection to identify their own biases, assumptions, and cultural beliefs.

To develop cultural competence, nurses should educate themselves about the cultural backgrounds, traditions, beliefs, and healthcare practices of served populations.

Nurses need to develop cross-cultural communication skills, including active listening, using interpreters when needed, and being mindful of nonverbal cues.

Seeking cultural education and training opportunities such as workshops, seminars, and courses on cultural competence and diversity can help nurses develop cultural competence.

The four main principles of medical ethics are: respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. These principles guide healthcare providers in making ethical decisions and providing patient-centered care.

Bias refers to a prejudice for or against something or someone, often considered unfair. It can be held by individuals, groups, or institutions.

Unconscious bias is a prejudice we are not aware of, often rooted in societal conditioning, that can influence our thoughts and actions.

Acknowledge the bias, challenge it, train yourself to be aware of it, and actively promote fairness and inclusion.

Unconscious bias can lead to discrimination, which can negatively impact mental health. This can manifest in unequal access to mental health services and poorer outcomes.

The 'PAUSE' framework is a strategy to address unconscious bias in real-time situations. It encourages a conscious pause, acknowledging your reactions, considering other interpretations, searching for a productive solution, and then executing your plan.

The 'ACT' framework is a proactive approach to address bias by acknowledging it, challenging it, and training yourself to be more aware and inclusive.

Unconscious bias in healthcare can result in discriminatory practices, leading to unequal access to care, misdiagnosis, and inappropriate treatment.

This theory explains how societal prejudice, discrimination, and stigma create chronic stress for LGBTQ+ individuals, leading to increased mental health risks.

Programs and initiatives that aim to address LGBTQ+ mental health inequalities early on, by reducing stigma, promoting inclusion, and providing support to reduce mental health risks.

Research that uses large, representative samples to accurately understand the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals, leading to effective interventions and policies.