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Questions and Answers
What case established the separate but equal doctrine?
What does the equal protection clause prohibit?
What does intermediate scrutiny generally address?
What was the purpose of the grandfather clause in southern voting laws?
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Who is often referred to as the mother of the civil rights movement?
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What is the definition of classic liberalism?
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Which entity is NOT considered an appealing organization?
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What does the margin of error represent in polling results?
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What is the purpose of the Motor Voter Law?
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Which of the following describes the Bradley effect?
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What is the significance of the BCRA in campaign finance?
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Which voting quality does NOT describe public opinion?
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Why did the Tillman Act pass in 1907?
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Study Notes
Public Opinion
- Public opinion reflects the collective views of individuals, groups, or events.
- Agents of socialization, such as family, social groups, education, and political conditions, shape public opinion.
Classic Liberalism
- Classic liberalism emphasizes individual rights and liberties as core principles.
Random Sample
- A random sample represents a limited number of individuals selected from the broader population to reflect the overall population.
Bradley Effect
- The Bradley effect proposes that some voters may express support for a minority candidate during polls but ultimately choose not to vote for them due to a lack of willingness to admit their preference.
Push Polling
- Push polling manipulates survey questions to elicit a desired response, potentially skewing survey results.
Bandwagon Effect
- The bandwagon effect occurs when the media disproportionately focuses on candidates who are performing well in early primaries, potentially influencing public perceptions and contributing to their success.
Margin of Error
- The margin of error reflects the potential difference between poll results and actual population preferences.
Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
- The Supreme Court case, Shelby County v. Holder (2013), challenged the standards of the Voting Rights Act, leading to the removal of preclearance requirements for certain states.
Motor Voter Law
- The Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote when they renew their driver's licenses or engage in other routine government interactions.
Vermont and Incarceration
- Vermont does not restrict voting based on incarceration unless election fraud has been committed.
Voting Eligible Population (VEP)
- The VEP encompasses individuals aged 18 and older who are eligible to vote based on U.S. citizenship.
Qualities of Public Opinion Intensity
- Public opinion intensity is characterized by its fluidity, stability, relevance, and connection to political knowledge.
Emily's List
- Emily's List is a political action committee (PAC) dedicated to supporting women running for office.
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)
- The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) aimed to prevent loopholes in campaign finance laws, particularly targeting soft money contributions.
McCain-Feingold Act
- The BCRA is also known as the McCain-Feingold Act, named after Senators John McCain and Russ Feingold who played key roles in its passage.
Tillman Act (1907)
- The Tillman Act of 1907 prohibited corporations from directly donating to presidential candidates.
Top Two Primary System
- The top two primary system involves all candidates competing against each other, regardless of party affiliation, with the two top vote-getters advancing to the general election.
First Televised Debate
- John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon participated in the first televised presidential debate, a landmark event in political communication.
Electoral Vote Allocation
- Electoral votes are allocated to states based on their combined number of representatives and senators in Congress.
Coattail Effect
- The coattail effect describes the ability of a popular president to positively influence the electoral outcomes of other candidates from the same party.
Coffin Handbill
- The Coffin Handbill was a campaign tactic used by John Quincy Adams during his presidential campaign against Andrew Jackson. It listed the names and executions of Andrew Jackson's opponents, implying a connection to violence and bloodshed.
Retrospective Voting
- Voters engage in retrospective voting by evaluating a candidate's past performance and actions, as well as the current economic conditions, to inform their voting decision.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
- The 1896 Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, established the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation.
Equal Protection Clause
- The Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause guarantees that all persons within a state's jurisdiction have equal protection under the law.
Intermediate Scrutiny
- Intermediate scrutiny, a legal standard for reviewing discriminatory practices, is generally applied to cases involving discrimination based on gender or sex.
Strict Scrutiny
- Strict scrutiny places the burden of proof on the government to demonstrate that treating people differently is justified and serves a compelling government interest.
Black Codes
- Black codes were a series of laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War, designed to restrict the rights and freedoms of formerly enslaved people, essentially reducing them to a state of near-slavery.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
- Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) was a landmark Supreme Court decision that declared that African Americans, whether free or enslaved, could not be considered citizens of the United States. This effectively barred them from having any constitutional rights, including the right to sue in federal court. This decision was widely seen as a victory for pro-slavery forces and exacerbated tensions between the North and the South, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the Civil War. It solidified the expansion of slavery westward, making it an inevitable part of American expansion.
Reconstruction Era
- The Reconstruction era following the Civil War involved the rebuilding of Southern state governments and the establishment of former Confederate states back into the Union. This process aimed to establish equality and rights for formerly enslaved people and addressed the aftermath of the war.
Grandfather Clause
- The grandfather clause, used in Southern states, was a legal loophole that exempted white voters from literacy tests and other voting restrictions if their grandfathers had been eligible to vote before a specific date. This effectively disenfranchise black voters.
W.E.B. Du Bois
- W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent African American scholar, activist, and civil rights leader. He co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and played a crucial role in the civil rights movement, advocating for racial equality through social justice campaigns and intellectual critique of systemic racism.
Rosa Parks
- Rosa Parks, known as the "mother of the modern civil rights movement," played a pivotal role by refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Her act of defiance sparked the Montgomery bus boycott, a key event in the civil rights movement, and highlighted the injustices of segregation.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to public opinion, including its formation and influence. Explore topics such as classic liberalism, random sampling, the Bradley effect, and push polling. Test your understanding of how these elements impact political dynamics.
