WUS 056 T1-T2 Cert. Exam Prep.

Water Treatment and Hydrologic Cycle

• The process of liquid to solid is evident in freezing.
• The normal boiling point of water is 100°C.
• The term for the movement of water 'uphill' in the Hydrologic Cycle is capillary action.
• The volume of soil around an operating well that will drain during pumping is referred to as the cone of depression.
• The term for the height to which water will rise in wells located in an artesian aquifer is artesian pressure.

Sludge Processing

• A more compact and faster alternative to Sludge Drying Beds for the separation of water from solids during sludge processing is Centrifuges.

Total Coliform Rule

• The minimum number of samples that must be collected and analyzed during a reporting period is established by the population served.
• The maximum time that may elapse between sample collection and the beginning of the total coliform analysis is 30 hours.
• A sample tap must be idle for at least 6 hours prior to collecting a sample for Lead and Copper Rule compliance.

Pipeline and Reservoir Calculations

• The cross-sectional area of a 600-foot long pipeline that holds 14,000 gallons of water is 23.33 square inches.
• The depth of water in an 80-foot diameter reservoir that holds 825,000 gallons of water is 16.25 feet.
• It takes 15 minutes for 175 gpm to pass the entire 1500-foot length of a 12-inch diameter pipeline.

Water Quality and Safety

• Clean water is considered safe for human consumption.
• The most significant water quality issue worldwide is lack of access to clean water.
• The SWTR required level of reduction of viruses is 99.99%.
• The main water quality concern associated with surface water is turbidity.
• Filtration is most effective in removing Cryptosporidium and Giardia from drinking water.
• Coagulation is a required portion of 'Conventional Treatment' as defined by the SWTR.
• The most commonly applied means for determining if a surface water treatment plant is in compliance with the 'properly operated' requirements of the SWTR is through turbidity measurements.
• Ion exchange is not approved for pathogen removal in a surface water treatment plant.
• Total coliform is the standard indicator of potential pathogen contamination of a public drinking water system.
• When a single routine sample tests positive for total coliform, the system must collect and analyze at least three repeat samples.

Water Treatment and Distribution

• Pressure-reducing valves are routinely used to reduce system pressures.
• The maximum time requirement for public notification of a Tier 1 Violation is 24 hours.
• A drinking water system that serves 22 people through 12 service connections on a year-round basis is classified as a non-transient, non-community water system.
• The O-ring or gasket serves as the barrier between the wet side and the dry side of the pump, and can also serve as a backup.
• The difference between the total static head and the total dynamic head is the friction head.
• The utility owner must be notified at least 48 hours prior to commencing a planned excavation or trenching operation.
• The permit issuer must sign off on the Permit before a permit confined space operation may commence.
• For a confined space to be elevated to 'Permit' status, the space must have hazardous conditions.

Fire Safety and Analytical Methods

• A Class D fire extinguisher should be used to suppress a fire in a storage area holding sacrificial anodes made of magnesium.
• To prevent the artificial introduction of odor to water samples, glass or Teflon containers must be used for collecting physical analysis.
• The analytical method used to measure turbidity is nephelometry.
• Excessive fluoride consumption can cause dental fluorosis.
• The main purpose of secondary drinking water standards is to provide aesthetic and nuisance-free water.
• Monochloramine is the disinfectant formed by the combination of chlorine with ammonia.
• When disinfectants react with natural organic matter in the water, disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes are possible to form.
• Natural organic matter includes plant and animal decay.
• Alum or ferric chloride is frequently applied just prior to filtration.
• The typical filtration rates for dual media filters in conventional treatment plants are 2-4 gpm/sqft.
• Rapid sand filtration is most commonly associated with conventional treatment.
• Particle dislodgement in the filtration process is generally undesirable, except during backwashing.
• A polymer added to the effluent of the sedimentation process is called a coagulant aid.
• The "Springline" applies to the line where the water level meets the ground surface.
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the agency of the United States federal government responsible for establishing and enforcing drinking water regulations.
• When we consider particles of matter that are atomic or molecular in size, the dominant natural force of nature impacting these particles is van der Waals forces.
• Haloacetic acids are an example of a disinfection byproduct.
• The "Springline" applies to the line where the water level meets the ground surface.
• Algae are most likely to cause raw surface water taste and odor problems.
• The middle layer of a stratified lake is called the thermocline.
• The most serious water quality issue associated with surface water supplies is eutrophication.
• The main source of surface water in the Hydrologic Cycle is precipitation.
• Ozone and chlorine are employed for preoxidation at a surface water treatment plant.