Public Management Theories

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of management in the public service?

To achieve efficiency, effectiveness, and economy in the utilization of resources

What are the key challenges facing public management in South Africa?

Corruption, lack of accountability, limited resources, and poor service delivery

What is the main difference between public management and public administration?

Public management focuses on achieving specific outcomes, while public administration focuses on implementing policies and laws

What is the primary objective of New Public Management Reforms?

To improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness of public services Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of effective managers in the public service?

They possess skills, knowledge, and abilities to manage resources, lead teams, and achieve outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Why is management important in the public service?

It enables the effective allocation of resources, improves service delivery, and enhances accountability Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of management in the context of public administration?

General Management and Function-specific Management Signup and view all the answers

What is the first function of management in the integrated management function?

Planning Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlling in the integrated management function?

To check and correct deviations from the planned course of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the different systems in the integrated management function?

They are interconnected and interdependent Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of effective management in the integrated management function?

Efficient and effective delivery of public services Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of public administration in the context of the integrated management function?

On the citizen-centric approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of New Public Management (NPM) in the 1980s?

To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public services by introducing business-like practices and Performance Standards. Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic principles of New Public Management?

Managerial autonomy, performance standards, output orientation, decentralization, competition, and privatization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'business-like practices' in New Public Management?

It enables the public sector to adopt efficient and effective management practices from the private sector, leading to improved performance and accountability. Signup and view all the answers

How does New Public Management promote accountability?

Through performance standards, output orientation, and decentralization, which enable citizens to evaluate the performance of public services and hold them accountable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of decentralization in New Public Management?

It allows for greater autonomy and decision-making power at the local level, enabling more responsive and effective service delivery. Signup and view all the answers

How does New Public Management promote competition?

Through privatization, outsourcing, and public-private partnerships, which introduce competition and market disciplines into the public sector. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'output orientation' in New Public Management?

It focuses on the achievement of specific outcomes and results, rather than mere compliance with rules and procedures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of performance standards in New Public Management?

They provide a framework for evaluating the performance of public services, enabling citizens to hold them accountable for their results. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of effective tests in the context of management training and development?

Effective tests are measures that evaluate the extent to which an individual has achieved the objectives of the training program. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between formal and informal training?

Formal training is structured and planned, whereas informal training is unplanned and occurs through daily work experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of management training and development?

The primary goal is to improve the performance and productivity of managers and employees. Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of low productivity in an organization?

Low productivity can lead to slow growth, poor quality, lack of coordination, and poor customer satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of training in the South African context?

Training is essential in South Africa to address educational deficiencies, promote multilingualism, and enhance labor relations. Signup and view all the answers

What is creativity in the context of management?

Creativity is the process of generating new and innovative ideas, solutions, or products. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps in creative problem-solving?

The steps are preparation, incubation, investigation, and verification. Signup and view all the answers

What is brainstorming in the context of creative problem-solving?

Brainstorming is a technique that generates a large number of ideas in a short period of time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between individual and group creativity?

Individual creativity focuses on personal ideas and solutions, while group creativity involves collaborative thinking and problem-solving. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leaders in promoting creativity in an organization?

Leaders play a crucial role in promoting creativity by creating a conducive environment, providing resources, and encouraging risk-taking. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of output controls in the public service?

To ensure accountability and transparency in the delivery of public services Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of decentralization in New Public Management?

It allows for greater autonomy and flexibility in decision-making, leading to improved responsiveness to citizen needs Signup and view all the answers

How does competition promote innovation in the public sector?

It encourages organizations to innovate and improve their services to remain competitive, leading to better outcomes for citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of private sector management in New Public Management?

It brings in expertise and best practices from the private sector to improve public sector management and service delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performance measurement in New Public Management?

To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of public services and programs Signup and view all the answers

How does New Public Management promote accountability in the public sector?

It emphasizes transparency, accountability, and performance measurement to ensure responsible use of public resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of citizen engagement in New Public Management?

It enables citizens to participate in decision-making and hold public officials accountable for service delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of management in implementing New Public Management reforms?

To lead and manage organizational change, ensuring that reforms are implemented effectively and sustainably Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Management and Public Management

Management is a process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling to achieve organizational goals.
Public management refers to the management of public organizations, including governments and non-profit organizations.

Importance of Management

Effective management leads to increased productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness.
Ineffective management can lead to decreased productivity, inefficiency, and ineffectiveness.

Management Functions

Planning: setting goals and objectives
Organizing: allocating resources and assigning tasks
Leading: motivating and influencing employees
Controlling: monitoring and correcting performance

Types of Management

General Management: oversees overall organizational performance
Functional Management: focuses on specific organizational functions (e.g., HR, finance)

Public Administration and Management

Public administration involves the management of public organizations, including governments and non-profit organizations.
Public management involves the application of management principles to public organizations.

New Public Management (NPM)

Aims to improve public sector performance and efficiency
Focuses on customer service, decentralization, and competition
Emphasizes performance measurement and accountability

Basic Principles of New Public Management

Management by objectives
Performance standards
Output controls
Decentralization
Competition
Private sector management techniques

Performance Standards

Set clear goals and objectives
Measure performance against standards
Evaluate and improve performance

Output Controls

Focus on outputs rather than inputs
Measure performance based on outputs
Encourage efficiency and effectiveness

Decentralization

Delegating authority and responsibility to lower levels
Improving responsiveness and accountability
Enhancing efficiency and effectiveness

Competition

Introducing competition to improve efficiency and effectiveness
Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship
Improving customer service and responsiveness

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