Public Health Prevention Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What is one example of primary prevention?

Teaching insulin injection techniques

Mammography screening

Encouraging regular exercise (correct)

Blood pressure monitoring

Which of the following best defines tertiary prevention?

Activities aimed at restoring optimal level of functioning (correct)

Regulatory measures to protect public health

Promotion of health and wellbeing

Early detection of disease through screening

What characterizes secondary prevention techniques?

Focuses on mass vaccination campaigns

Implemented before symptoms appear

Includes general health promotion

Involves early detection and prompt intervention (correct)

Which option accurately reflects the goals of primary prevention?

Preventing health problems before they develop Signup and view all the answers

Which of these activities exemplifies secondary prevention?

Screening newborns for genetic conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which level of prevention is focused on preventing the onset of disease?

Primary prevention Signup and view all the answers

How is community health nursing primarily defined?

As nursing that emphasizes population health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary prevention?

Screening for early disease detection Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately describes the term 'community' in the context of community health nursing?

A collection of people interacting with shared interests Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary prevention strategies from secondary prevention strategies?

Primary is for healthy populations; secondary is for at-risk populations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best outlines the levels of prevention?

Health promotion, early detection, rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about community health nursing?

It only focuses on chronic diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes primary prevention strategies in community health?

Educating the community to prevent disease before it occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of community health nursing?

Nursing that addresses both individual and community health needs. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of levels of prevention, what does tertiary prevention aim to achieve?

Reducing the impact of an already established disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is primarily associated with secondary prevention?

Regular screenings and early detection. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is not included in the determinants of health and disease?

Personal wealth status. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an indicator of health and illness?

Life expectancy. Signup and view all the answers

Which function of public health involves the use of collected health data for policy improvement?

Policy development Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a phenomenological community?

A group of individuals sharing similar cultural values. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Community Health Nursing

Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing and public health practices, aimed at promoting and preserving population health.
Public health is a science and an art focused on preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency
Core public health functions include assessment, policy development, and assurance.
Assessment involves regularly gathering data on health conditions, risks, and resources within a community.
Policy development uses assessment data to create local and state health policies and allocate resources.
Assurance focuses on ensuring the availability of necessary health services throughout the community.
Direct community services are delivered through environmental health services (e.g., protecting from polluted water/food) and personal health care services (e.g., immunizations, family planning, maternal care).
Community health nursing has essential public health functions such as monitoring health situations and disease prevention and control; developing, planning, and managing health systems; and regulating to ensure public health.
Essential public health functions also include human resources development and planning within public health; promoting health with social involvement/empowerment and ensuring quality, personal, and population-based health services; and researching, developing, and implementing innovative solutions.
Preventive approaches to health involve health promotion for well-being and disease preventions to prevent disease.

Levels of Prevention

Primary prevention: Aims to prevent a health problem before it occurs using general health promotion and specific protection strategies.
- Examples of primary prevention strategies include promoting good nutrition, providing adequate shelter, and encouraging regular exercise.
Secondary prevention: Focuses on early detection and prompt intervention during the pathogenesis of a disease. Screening and intervention occur after the problem has begun but before signs and symptoms are obvious.
- Examples include mammography, blood pressure screening, and newborn screening.
Tertiary prevention: Aims to prevent the deterioration of a disease state and restore individuals to their optimal level of functioning. Activities focus on reducing the effects of disease/injury and restoring optimal functioning
- Examples include teaching insulin administration techniques and referring a patient with spinal cord injury to physical/occupational therapy.

Definitions of Health and Community

Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1958). It involves purposeful, adaptive responses physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, and socially (Murray et al., 2009).
Actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others (Pender et al., 2006). It's also a state of wholeness and optimal functioning of bodily and mental structures (Orem, 2001).
Community: A collection of people interacting with shared interests or characteristics that lead to a sense of unity and belonging (Allender et al., 2009). A community can be a group having commonalities and interacting; they might also have a commitment towards one another and geographic boundaries (Lundy and Janes, 2009). A locality based entity composed of systems of formal, informal organizations (Shuster and Goeppinger, 2008). Composed of individuals who interact socially, sharing common characteristics, values, interests, and goals (Maurer and Smith, 2009).

Key Concepts

Geopolitical communities: These are traditionally recognized communities defined by natural or man-made boundaries (e.g., barangays, municipalities, provinces, regions).
Phenomenological communities: These communities are relational and interactive groups defined by shared perspectives, values, and goals (e.g., schools, colleges, universities, churches).
Functional communities: Group of people who interact with each other to address specific needs or concerns. (e.g. Gawad Kalinga)
Population: A group of people sharing common personal characteristics or environmental factors, or that collectively make up a particular geographic area.
Aggregates: Subgroups or subpopulations sharing common characteristics or concerns (e.g., age groups)

Determinants of Health and Illness

Social and economic environment
Physical environment
Personal characteristics and behaviors (includes income, education, physical environment, and employment)
Social support networks
Culture
Genetics
Personal behavior and coping skills
Health services
Gender

Indicators of Health and Illness

Life expectancy
Infant mortality
Maternal mortality
Age-adjusted death rates
Disease incidence rates

Community Health Nursing Practice

Population-focused approach emphasizing community health interventions and community-based practice to improve the health status of entire communities.
Assesses the entire population to identify any health differences
Emphasizes all levels of prevention.

Levels of Clientele

Individual
Family
Group
Community
Family: Basic unit of care

Intervention Wheel

Framework for community and public health nursing.
Population-based
3 levels of practice: Community, Systems, Individual/family
Identifies public health interventions (17)

Emerging Fields in Community Health Nursing (Philippines)

Public Health, Occupational Health, and School Health

Home Health and Hospice Care

Home health care provides nursing care in individuals/family homes minimizing illness related effects.
Hospice care is a type of home care specifically for terminally ill clients to provide comfort.

EntrepreNurse

A project to reduce health care costs, maximize employment, and utilize unemployed human resources for public health delivery.

Faith Community Nursing

This combines spiritual care with nursing.

Competency Standards in Community Health Nursing

Safe and quality care.
Knowledge of client's health status
Sound decision making, comfort and privacy.
Priority setting based on client needs
Medication/therapeutic administration
Use of nursing process
Management of resources and environment
Health Education
Legal responsibility to nurses
Professional/Personal Development
Involvement in professional and civic activities
Quality improvement
Research
Records Management
Communication.

Public Health Nursing in the Philippines

History of public health initiatives spanning centuries, including early medical dispensaries, water systems, vaccinations.
Development of formal health programs and structures (e.g. 1901 creation of the Board of Health, 1912 Fajardo Act, RA 1082, Rural Health Act).
Implementation of the Local Government Code and the Universal Health Care initiative.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the different levels of prevention in public health. This quiz covers primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention techniques, assessing your understanding of their definitions and goals. Perfect for students in health-related fields!