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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Epidemiology in Public Health?
What is the primary focus of Epidemiology in Public Health?
Which of the following is an application of Epidemiology in Public Health?
Which of the following is an application of Epidemiology in Public Health?
What is the ultimate goal of Epidemiology in Public Health?
What is the ultimate goal of Epidemiology in Public Health?
Study Notes
Prevention
- Works on both individual and community levels
- Directed at the host to increase resistance to the agent (e.g., immunization, cessation of smoking)
- Directed at environmental activities to reduce conditions favorable to the vector for a biological agent (e.g., mosquito vectors of malaria)
Levels of Prevention
- Primary Prevention: prevents the occurrence of a disease
- Secondary Prevention: early diagnosis and management to prevent complications from a disease
- Includes steps to isolate cases and treat or immunize contacts to prevent further epidemic outbreaks
- Tertiary Prevention: involves activities directed at the host and environment to promote rehabilitation, restoration, and maintenance of maximum function after the disease and its complications have stabilized
- Examples: providing a wheelchair, special toilet facilities, doors, ramps, and transportation services for paraplegics
Public Health Approach
- Focuses on population, disease prevention, health promotion, and intervention (environment, human behavior)
- Contrasts with the Medical Model, which focuses on individual, diagnosis, treatment, and private (some public) intervention
The Health Field Concept
- Four major determinants of health or ill health:
- Human Biology: genetic factors, genetic counseling, genetic engineering
- Environment: external factors, including life support, physical factors, biological factors, psycho-social and economic factors, and chemical factors
- Lifestyle (Behavior): actions that affect health directly or indirectly, such as cigarette smoking, unsafe sexual practice, and eating contaminated food
- Health Care Organization: availability, scarcity, and acceptability of health services, as well as nutrition, reproductive health, environmental health, and health education
Major Disciplines in Public Health
- Epidemiology: study of frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases and other related states or events in specified populations
- Health Economics: alternative uses of resources in the health services sector and efficient utilization of economic resources
- Biostatistics: application of statistics to biological problems, especially medical problems
- Health Service Management: getting people to work harmoniously together and making efficient use of resources to achieve objectives
- Ecology: study of relationships among living organisms and their environment
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Description
This quiz covers the different approaches to prevention in public health, including individual and community-focused strategies. It also touches on secondary prevention, early diagnosis, and management to prevent complications.