Public Health Core Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a core function of public health services?

  • Building private healthcare facilities
  • Promoting individual health insurance plans
  • Conducting exclusive academic research
  • Assessing and monitoring population health (correct)

Which of the following best describes the role of public health practitioners?

  • Professionals addressing health issues in isolation
  • Individuals only focused on personal health care
  • Collaborators aiming to improve population health (correct)
  • Experts solely in policy development without direct action

In which sector is the execution of core public health functions NOT typically found?

  • Exclusive luxury healthcare facilities (correct)
  • Governance and policy formulation
  • Organized private sector
  • Civil service

What element is essential for improving public health outcomes?

<p>Translation of evidence-based science (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of public health services as per their core functions?

<p>Providing specialized medical training to individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary leadership role traditionally held in public health practice?

<p>Public Health Physicians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is most significant in the decision-making process of a public health practitioner?

<p>Evidence-based information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a general goal from specific objectives in public health practice?

<p>General goals are not measurable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a responsibility of a public health practitioner in program management?

<p>Exploring alternative plans if a main strategy fails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role is NOT typically associated with a public health practitioner?

<p>Medical Diagnosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which governance structure is specifically mentioned for steering the health system of Nigeria?

<p>SMoH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge associated with the 3-tier health system in Nigeria?

<p>Obstacles to progress in community health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an important policy document available to public health practitioners in Nigeria?

<p>National Health Insurance Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is emphasized for sustainable public health service delivery in Nigeria?

<p>Zero corruption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in the context of technology use in public health services in Nigeria?

<p>CT scanners and MRIs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of the 4th National Development Plan (1981-1985)?

<p>Adoption of primary healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which figure is associated with formulating a national health policy in Nigeria during the 5th National Development Plan?

<p>Prof. Olikoye Ransome-Kuti (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first Indigenous Minister of Health in Nigeria?

<p>Dr. I Ladipo Oluwole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals was NOT mentioned as a contributor to public health services in Nigeria?

<p>Prof. Michael Olawale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key concept did the 3rd Development Plan (1975-1980) attempt to create?

<p>A comprehensive national health policy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which public health activity in Nigeria focuses specifically on tuberculosis control?

<p>NTBLCP - Stop TB Strategy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier to an effective public health response in Nigeria related to health equity?

<p>Allocative inefficiencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues is NOT listed as a challenge to public health practice in Nigeria?

<p>High levels of public awareness about health services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following public health initiatives in Nigeria is specifically related to maternal and child health?

<p>MCH Programmes - MSS, IMCI, IMNCH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is associated with the observed fragmentation of health services in Nigeria?

<p>Assigning PHC to Local Government Areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which settings is public health primarily practiced in Nigeria?

<p>Predominantly at Federal and State Ministries of Health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of civil servants in public health service in Nigeria?

<p>They enjoy continuity and are non-partisan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between governance and public health in Nigeria?

<p>Governance can refer to various entities, including states and organizations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does the three-tier health system in Nigeria pose for public health practice?

<p>It creates obstacles to progress in community health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the State Ministry of Health (SMoH) play in Nigeria's health governance?

<p>It steers the health system within the constitutional framework. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge faced by public health practice in Nigeria?

<p>Relegation of meritocracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as a challenge in public health practice in Nigeria?

<p>Excessive training opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is highlighted as a way forward for public health practitioners in Nigeria?

<p>Strengthening community engagement and preventive care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to good public health practice according to the content provided?

<p>Evidence-based decision making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should public health practitioners focus on to improve their professional relevance?

<p>Engaging in proactive advocacy for data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event in public health history occurred in Nigeria in 1841?

<p>First recorded European deaths from malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who successfully used quinine for the treatment of malaria in Nigeria in 1854?

<p>William Balfour Baikie (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the third national development plan (1975-1980) in Nigeria?

<p>A comprehensive national health policy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key health focus of the fifth national development plan (1987-1991)?

<p>Adopting a Primary Health Care strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the first attempt at national health planning in Nigeria made?

<p>1946 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major health developments in Nigeria during colonial rule?

<p>Integration of army medical services with local healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key figure is associated with public health development in Nigeria during the fifth national development plan?

<p>Prof. Olikoye Ransome-Kuti (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the national health plans from 1960-1974?

<p>They prioritized curative services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the National Health Policy in Nigeria?

<p>To achieve health for all Nigerians. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT part of the suggested implementation of PHC in Nigeria?

<p>Emphasizing privatization of healthcare services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Local Government Authority (LGA) have in PHC in Nigeria?

<p>Responsible for PHC implementation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who primarily sustains the implementation of PHC in Nigeria?

<p>NPHCDA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of polyvalent officers in Nigeria?

<p>They spend most of their time in the community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which public health activity does NOT fall under the responsibilities of the Federal Ministry of Health?

<p>Management of emergency medical services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of officer spends the largest proportion of their time in the community?

<p>Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is primarily involved in disease surveillance in Nigeria's public health system?

<p>NIMR. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Public Health Service

Activities that support the health of the entire population, often organized and funded by the government.

Assessing and monitoring population health

Understanding the health status of a population by collecting and analyzing data. This helps to identify health problems and track progress.

Planning, implementation, and evaluation of health programs

Creating, implementing, and evaluating programs designed to address identified health problems.

Identifying and dealing with environmental hazards

Identifying and controlling hazards in the environment that can harm people's health.

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Communicating with people and organizations to promote public health

Sharing information with the public, organizations, and other stakeholders to raise awareness and encourage healthy behaviors.

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Public Health Practitioner

A public health professional who can analyze health data, identify trends, and use evidence to make informed decisions about public health interventions.

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Information Literacy

The ability to evaluate the quality and reliability of information and to use it effectively for planning.

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Goal Setting in Public Health

The process of setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals for a public health program.

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Public Health Programming

The process of developing and implementing strategies to achieve public health goals. This includes planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating.

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Data Interpretation and Application

The ability to interpret data and apply findings to improve public health outcomes.

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What is the SMoH?

The Nigerian government structure responsible for overseeing health policies and programs at the federal level.

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What is the 3-tier health system?

A system where health responsibilities are shared across three levels of government: federal, state, and local.

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What is the concurrent list?

Areas where both the federal and state governments have power to make laws, including health.

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What is governance?

The group of individuals and institutions involved in making decisions and implementing policies for a specific entity, like a country, organization, or social group.

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What is the continuity of public health service?

This concept refers to the continuous nature of the civil service, meaning that it continues to exist even as governments change.

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SMoH (Steering Mechanism for Health)

A governance framework in Nigeria responsible for managing the health system, operating within the Nigerian Constitution where health is a shared responsibility between federal and state governments.

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3-tier health system in Nigeria

A three-tiered structure for providing healthcare services in Nigeria, with primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. This can create difficulties in delivering comprehensive and efficient public health services, especially at the community level.

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Revised National Health Policy 2004

A critical document outlining key health policy goals and strategies for Nigeria, issued in 2004.

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National Health Act 2014

A key policy document developed in 2014 to strengthen the legal framework for healthcare in Nigeria, outlining roles of different players and providing financial resources for health.

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Public Health Service Delivery Principles (SPDC)

A set of principles to guide the development and implementation of public health services, emphasizing sustainability, appropriate technology, evidence-based care, collaboration, and external funding.

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3rd Development Plan (1975-1980)

A systematic attempt to create a nationwide healthcare plan, addressing health workforce development and basic healthcare services.

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4th National Development Plan (1981-1985)

This plan focused on addressing similar health challenges as the 3rd plan, with a special emphasis on primary healthcare.

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5th National Development Plan (1987-1991)

This plan marked a significant step forward by adopting a primary healthcare strategy and establishing a national health policy in 1988.

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Prof. Olikoye Ransome-Kuti

A prominent figure in public health policy in Nigeria, known for his contributions to primary healthcare and the development of the Basic Health Services Scheme.

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Dr. I Ladipo Oluwole

The 1st Indigenous Minister of Health in Nigeria, playing a pivotal role in advancing healthcare in the country.

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National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP)

A health program focused on controlling and eradicating tuberculosis in Nigeria.

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National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)

A government agency responsible for controlling HIV/AIDS in Nigeria.

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Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR)

A system for reporting and monitoring diseases, aiming to detect and respond to outbreaks quickly.

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Inverse Care Law

A severe constraint to effective public health in Nigeria, it describes unfair distribution of healthcare resources.

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Donor Dependency Syndrome

A challenge faced by public health in Nigeria, characterized by a reliance on external funding for essential services.

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1841 River Niger Expedition

The first recorded connection to public health in Nigeria, marked by a tragic event during the River Niger expedition in 1841.

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Dr. William Balfour Baikie

A significant figure in early public health in Nigeria, Dr. Baikie successfully treated malaria with quinine, highlighting the importance of medical advancements.

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Western Medicine Introduction in 1859

The introduction of Western medicine in 1859 marked a turning point in healthcare in Nigeria, symbolizing a shift towards formalized medical practices.

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British Army Medical Services (1846-1919)

The British Army Medical Services (1846-1919) provided the foundation for public health services in Nigeria's protectorates, demonstrating the role of military institutions in healthcare.

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Walter Harkness Ten Year Plan (1946)

The Walter Harkness Ten Year Plan of 1946 was Nigeria's first attempt at national health planning, demonstrating the growing recognition of the need for organized healthcare.

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National Health Plans (Post-1960)

The period after Nigeria's independence in 1960 saw the development of national health plans, reflecting the country's efforts to shape its healthcare system.

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Third National Development Plan (1975-1980)

The third national development plan (1975-1980) aimed for a comprehensive approach to public health, introducing important concepts like manpower development and the Basic Health Services Scheme.

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Fourth National Development Plan (1981-1985)

The fourth national development plan (1981-1985) solidified the focus on primary healthcare, emphasizing the importance of preventive and accessible care in addressing health challenges.

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5th National Development Plan in Nigeria (1987-1991)

The 5th National Development Plan (1987-1991) marked a significant shift in Nigeria's health policy, emphasizing a community-based approach to healthcare.

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National Health Policy of Nigeria (1988)

The National Health Policy of Nigeria (1988) aims to achieve health for all Nigerians, built on the principles of social justice and equality. This policy relies on primary healthcare (PHC) as the central method to achieve this goal.

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Key Strategies for PHC Implementation in Nigeria

The key to implementing PHC in Nigeria lies in four core strategies:

  1. Encouraging community involvement
  2. Collaborating with other health-related sectors
  3. Strengthening coordination across all health system levels
  4. Improving management for health development at all levels.
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NPHCDA (National Primary Health Care Development Agency)

The NPHCDA (National Primary Health Care Development Agency) was established in 1992 to ensure the long-term success of PHC implementation in Nigeria.

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Ward Health System in Nigeria

The Ward Health System is the foundation of PHC in Nigeria, organizing healthcare delivery at the local level.

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Polyvalent Officers in PHC

Polyvalent officers, like MOH (Medical Officer of Health), Nurses, and Community Health Officers, play a vital role in PHC, often working in both the community and health facilities.

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Monovalent Officers in PHC

Monovalent officers, such as Environmental Officers and Laboratory Technicians, have a more specialized role in PHC, focusing on specific areas.

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Role of FMOH in Public Health

The Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and associated agencies, like NPHCDA and NAFDAC, are responsible for overseeing public health activities in Nigeria.

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Challenges to public health practice in Nigeria

The practice of public health in Nigeria faces challenges such as low morale among professionals, inadequate funding, and a shortage of training opportunities.

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Evidence-based decision making in public health

A core principle of public health that emphasizes using research and data to guide decisions. It means relying on evidence to develop effective health policies and programs.

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Brain drain in public health

A major concern in Nigeria, where skilled professionals often seek opportunities abroad. This can lead to a shortage of qualified personnel in the healthcare system.

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Importance of preventive and community care in Nigeria

A key strategy for improving public health in Nigeria. It involves focusing on preventive measures and community-based care, which can address health problems before they become acute.

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Advocacy for data collection and research in public health

A crucial aspect of effective public health practice, encompassing activities like data collection, research, and dissemination of information. It helps understand health problems and guide strategies.

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Study Notes

Public Health Practice

  • Government sponsored activities support the health of the population
  • Public health professionals, agencies, and individuals work to improve population health
  • The art and science of action to improve health for communities
  • Translate evidence-based science to improve health outcomes
  • Assessment, policy development, and assurance carried out in the function of providing public services
  • In the practice, skills and knowledge acquired, together with professional ethics

Core Functions of Public Health Service

  • Assessing and monitoring the health of the population
  • Planning, implementing, and evaluating health programs
  • Identifying and dealing with environmental hazards
  • Communicating with people and organizations to promote public health

Core Functions of PH Service (2)

  • In Nigeria, execution of core functions occurs in the Civil Service at Federal, State, or Local Government levels
  • Governance and policy formulation
  • Organized private sectors (OPS)
  • Any person involved in any PH core function is considered a Public Health Practitioner
  • Traditionally multidisciplinary; centers on the

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Test your knowledge on the essential core functions of public health services. This quiz covers the roles and responsibilities of public health practitioners and the key elements that influence public health outcomes. Assess your understanding of public health program management and decision-making processes.

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