Podcast
Questions and Answers
What defines the concept of health according to the World Health Organization?
What defines the concept of health according to the World Health Organization?
In what year did the WHO further clarify the definition of health as a resource for everyday life?
In what year did the WHO further clarify the definition of health as a resource for everyday life?
Which term refers to the collective actions by society to ensure conditions for health?
Which term refers to the collective actions by society to ensure conditions for health?
Which of the following describes a significant factor that shapes the definition of public health?
Which of the following describes a significant factor that shapes the definition of public health?
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Which misconception is associated with the definition of health?
Which misconception is associated with the definition of health?
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What is a common challenge regarding the definition of public health?
What is a common challenge regarding the definition of public health?
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What aspect of health did the WHO emphasize in its 1986 definition?
What aspect of health did the WHO emphasize in its 1986 definition?
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What does the term 'Drapetomania' illustrate in the context of health?
What does the term 'Drapetomania' illustrate in the context of health?
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Which of the following diseases is classified under infectious diseases?
Which of the following diseases is classified under infectious diseases?
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Which global health challenge is associated with environmental factors?
Which global health challenge is associated with environmental factors?
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What public health concern is directly influenced by dietary choices?
What public health concern is directly influenced by dietary choices?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a component of health improvement?
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of health improvement?
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What is a significant global health issue resulting from climate change?
What is a significant global health issue resulting from climate change?
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Which of these options best represents a focus of health services?
Which of these options best represents a focus of health services?
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Which of the following statements reflects a philosophical question in public health?
Which of the following statements reflects a philosophical question in public health?
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Which method is primarily used in health research to analyze data?
Which method is primarily used in health research to analyze data?
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Which of the following best describes public health according to Charles Edward Amory Winslow's 1920 definition?
Which of the following best describes public health according to Charles Edward Amory Winslow's 1920 definition?
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According to Sir Donald Acheson's 1988 definition, public health primarily involves what aspect?
According to Sir Donald Acheson's 1988 definition, public health primarily involves what aspect?
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What key element does the 2004 definition by Derek Wanless add to the understanding of public health?
What key element does the 2004 definition by Derek Wanless add to the understanding of public health?
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Which definition specifically addresses the concept of societal collective action to ensure health?
Which definition specifically addresses the concept of societal collective action to ensure health?
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What aspect of public health does the definition by the Institute of Medicine emphasize?
What aspect of public health does the definition by the Institute of Medicine emphasize?
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In the context of public health, which focus is NOT emphasized by the definitions provided?
In the context of public health, which focus is NOT emphasized by the definitions provided?
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How do the definitions of public health highlight its evolution over time?
How do the definitions of public health highlight its evolution over time?
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What does Derek Wanless's definition suggest about public and private organizations?
What does Derek Wanless's definition suggest about public and private organizations?
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What is the primary focus of public health since the mid-20th century?
What is the primary focus of public health since the mid-20th century?
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Which ancient civilization is noted for developing the practice of inoculation around 1000 BC?
Which ancient civilization is noted for developing the practice of inoculation around 1000 BC?
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Which theory, developed by Louis Pasteur, significantly impacted public health in the mid-19th century?
Which theory, developed by Louis Pasteur, significantly impacted public health in the mid-19th century?
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What does the proverb from the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic emphasize as a primary approach to health?
What does the proverb from the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic emphasize as a primary approach to health?
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What primary focus does the field of Epidemiology have within Public Health?
What primary focus does the field of Epidemiology have within Public Health?
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Which of the following best describes the role of Biostatistics in Public Health?
Which of the following best describes the role of Biostatistics in Public Health?
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What societal responsibility is highlighted in maximizing health in society?
What societal responsibility is highlighted in maximizing health in society?
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Which event in the 1980s reintroduced environmental risks back into the public health agenda?
Which event in the 1980s reintroduced environmental risks back into the public health agenda?
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How does Public Health utilize legislative action according to the provided content?
How does Public Health utilize legislative action according to the provided content?
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What is a significant component of the field of Health Administration?
What is a significant component of the field of Health Administration?
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What significant advancement in public health occurred due to the understanding of germ theory?
What significant advancement in public health occurred due to the understanding of germ theory?
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Which sciences are integrated into the framework of Public Health as mentioned?
Which sciences are integrated into the framework of Public Health as mentioned?
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How did the early Romans contribute to public health practices?
How did the early Romans contribute to public health practices?
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What aspect of health is specifically examined under Public Health?
What aspect of health is specifically examined under Public Health?
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Which of the following best describes the interdisciplinary nature of Public Health?
Which of the following best describes the interdisciplinary nature of Public Health?
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What is the primary goal of applying knowledge about health determinants in Public Health?
What is the primary goal of applying knowledge about health determinants in Public Health?
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Which aspect of Roman public health practices primarily contributed to personal hygiene?
Which aspect of Roman public health practices primarily contributed to personal hygiene?
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What was one of the significant engineering accomplishments of the Romans that improved public health?
What was one of the significant engineering accomplishments of the Romans that improved public health?
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Which cultures' health knowledge did the Romans build upon and later translate into different languages?
Which cultures' health knowledge did the Romans build upon and later translate into different languages?
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What role did public hospitals play in Roman society?
What role did public hospitals play in Roman society?
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Which of the following was not a focus of Roman public health according to the content?
Which of the following was not a focus of Roman public health according to the content?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: Public Health and Healthcare Ethics
- Course code: MEDF1021
- Instructor: Prof. Roger Chung
- Associate Professor, JC School of Public Health & Primary Care
- Co-Director, Centre for Bioethics
- Associate Director, Institute of Health Equity
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Date: Sept 4, 2024
Lecture Outline
- What is health?
- What is public health?
- Development of public health
Why are you here?
- Pure intellectual curiosity (wanting to learn about public health)
- Interests in public health topics (e.g., COVID-19, SARS, avian flu, disease prevention, health promotion, environment, health policy)
- Career plan (looking for a career in public health)
- Dream (want to make a difference in public health—a motto of the school)
- Forced to attend (for credits)
Public Health Careers
- Medically related:
- Public Health Doctor
- Tropical Disease Expert
- HIV Specialist
- Medical Doctor
- Management Policy Advisor
- Family Health Doctors
- Reproductive Health Specialist
- Science/research:
- Professor
- Behavioral Scientist
- Mental Health Researcher
- Program Outcomes Researcher
- Vaccine Researcher
- Bioterrorism Researcher
- Pharmacoepidemiologist
- Epidemiologist
- Infection Preventionist
- Biostatistician
- Disease Ecologist
- Medical Writer
- Environmental Health Technician
- Disaster Preparedness Researcher
- Policy and practice related:
- Legislative Policy Advisor
- Environmental Health Emergency Response Expert
- Health Communications Specialist
- Public Health Information Officer
- Public Health Consultant
- Emergency Preparedness Coordinator
- Emergency Preparedness Specialist
- Consumer Safety Officer
- Behavioral Health Program Coordinator
- Health and Wellness Managers
- Public Health Planner
- Community Health Worker
- Other health-related careers:
- NGO
- Health Promotions Program Coordinator
- Nutritionist
- Public Health Veterinarian
- Public Health Lawyer
- Public Health Dentist
- Public Health Engineer
- Health Center Administrator
- Industrial Hygienist
- Environmentalist
- Medical Investigator
- Public Health Journalist
- Education:
- Nurse educator
- Academic policy advisor
- Health teacher
Government Organization Chart
- Shows the structure of the Hong Kong government
What is Health?
- A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (World Health Organization, 1946)
- A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health emphasizes social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities (WHO, 1986)
What is Public Health?
- What society collectively does to create conditions for people to be healthy (IOM)
- The definition of public health is contested and differs according to sectors and fields (e.g., government officials, research, academics, and the wider community)
- Definition changes over time, reflecting contemporary political and social views
Public Health: A Classic Definition
- The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency (health, hygiene, sanitation and organized community efforts).
- includes individual education, early disease prevention and treatment, provision of medical/nursing services, and the development of social support systems. (Winslow, 1920)
What is Public Health? (Alternative Definitions)
- The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of society (Acheson, 1988)
- The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society and organizations (Wanless, 2004)
- What we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy (IOM, 1988)
Public Health vs. Medical Care
- Public health focuses on communities, while medical care focuses on individuals.
- Public health addresses disease prevention and health promotion, while medical care treats sick patients.
- Public health aims to improve population health, while medical care focuses on individual treatment.
- Distinction made in terms of recognition of achievements and road to treatment
Disciplines of Public Health
- Epidemiology: study of disease occurrence and distribution in specified populations (including determinants influencing states) and application of knowledge to control public health problems
- Biostatistics: application of statistical methods to health problems (used in tandem with epidemiology)
- Health administration, policy and management: the field combines politics, business, and science to manage human and financial resources for effective public health services
Control of Infectious Diseases
- COVID-19
- SARS
- Avian flu (H5N1)
- HIV/AIDS
- Swine flu (H1N1)
Control of Chronic Diseases
- CVD
- Diabetes
- Cancers
Environmental Health
- Issues related to the environment affecting public health (e.g., air/water quality, food safety, etc.)
Food Safety
- Issues related to food production and consumption safety standards
Occupational Health
- Occupational health and safety concerns
Health Improvement
- Adolescent and school health
- Nutrition and health
- Cancer screening
Public Health over Time
- Earliest history in India, Greece, Rome and China
- Modern history: governments dealing with issues related to economic growth, urbanization, and the environment.
Early History of Public Health
- Inoculation practices in India (1000 BC)
- Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic (400-260 BC)
- Roman understanding of waste disposal (27BC-476AD)
- Mohenjo-Daro (2,000 BC), examples of early public health practices, including waste diversion and water sanitation
The Hippocratic Oath
- Early Greek medical writings
- Emphasis on preventative medicine and the "whole patient" approach
Hippocratic Public Health
- Emphasis on balance of the four humors as the basis for health and disease.
- Linked environmental factors to health issues.
- Concepts of endemic and epidemic diseases.
Roman Public Health
- Knowledge and understanding from the Greek
- Success as administrators and engineers
- Public baths, hospitals, aqueducts and sewer system (promoting hygiene)
A Philosophical Question
- Why do we care about public health?
- Maximize health in society
- Moral duty
- Be a good person
- Collective responsibility (population health is shared responsibility)
- Protecting freedom to enjoy life
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Description
This quiz covers foundational concepts in public health and healthcare ethics as discussed in the course MEDF1021. It includes the definitions of health and public health, the development of public health, and potential career pathways within the field. Engage with the material to deepen your understanding of this vital subject area.
