Public Health 101 Overview

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Questions and Answers

Public health focuses on the ______, while healthcare focuses on the individual patient.

population

The public health ethic emphasizes ______ or public health, while healthcare emphasizes diagnosis and treatment.

prevention

Public health professionals often have a ______ sector basis, while those in healthcare typically work in the private sector.

public

The media plays a crucial role in public health by acting as a ______ for public discourse.

<p>vehicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employers and businesses contribute to public health by implementing ______ programs and initiatives.

<p>wellness</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of Public Health is to ensure conditions that promote people's health.

<p>Mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Institute of Medicine defines the mission of public health as fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be ______.

<p>healthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The World Health Organization's perspective on public health is that it aims to provide maximum benefit for the ______ number of people.

<p>largest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical care, also known as ______, encompasses prevention, treatment, and management of illness.

<p>healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a factor that contributes to the development of a trait.

<p>determinant</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ______ or outbreak refers to an unusual occurrence of illness in a specific region or community.

<p>epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outcome of a medical condition that directly affects a person's life, either in length or quality, is called a ______ outcome.

<p>health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through continuous research, Snow understood what ______ were required to stop exposure to the contaminated water supply on a larger scale, and stop exposure to the entire supply of contaminated water in the area.

<p>interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Public health aims to provide ______ with the right to be healthy and live in conditions that support health.

<p>groups of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

John Snow’s research convinced the British government that the ______ of cholera was water contaminated with sewage.

<p>source</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each public health core science helps us to ______ and promote the public’s health by providing public health practitioners with the answers they need.

<p>protect</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ______?

<p>problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ______?

<p>works</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you ______ it?

<p>do</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematically collect, analyze, and make available information on healthy ______

<p>communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

The four determinants of health are genes and biology, health behaviors, ______ characteristics, and health services or medical care.

<p>social/societal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ impact pyramid illustrates how different public health interventions impact population health.

<p>Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

As we move ______ the health impact pyramid, the public health impact grows greater.

<p>down</p> Signup and view all the answers

As we move ______ the health impact pyramid, the amount of individual effort increases.

<p>up</p> Signup and view all the answers

The health impact pyramid emphasizes the importance of ______ interventions to improve population health.

<p>upstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors like socioeconomic status and education are examples of ______ characteristics.

<p>social/societal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ determinants of health are factors beyond individual control that influence health outcomes.

<p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ impact pyramid highlights the role of public health interventions in promoting population-level health.

<p>Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Department of Public Health has a website called TobaccoFreeCA.

<p>California</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is an organization that advocates for the Prevention and Public Health Fund.

<p>American Public Health Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the ______ Pyramid, a visual representation of different levels of public health interventions.

<p>Health Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a prominent event in the history of public health recognized for its contribution to improving infant mortality rates.

<p>Clean Water Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of the Constitution of the World Health Organization states that, "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

<p>Preamble</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a vital resource that provides information about the key facts regarding seasonal flu vaccines.

<p>CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are defined as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, shaping their overall health.

<p>Social determinants of health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Public health organizations work in collaboration with various ______, such as governments, healthcare institutions, and community groups, to achieve their goals.

<p>stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ released a report titled "For the Public’s Health: Investing in a Healthier Future", emphasizing the importance of investing in public health.

<p>Institute of Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mission of Public Health

Fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions for health.

Public Health Goal

To provide maximum benefit for the largest number of people.

Clinical Care

Prevention, treatment, and management of illness via medical services.

Determinant

A factor that contributes to the generation of a trait.

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Epidemic or Outbreak

Excess occurrence of illness in a community beyond normal expectancy.

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Health Outcome

Result of a condition that affects life length or quality.

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Population Focus in Public Health

Public health aims to ensure groups have the right to health.

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Epidemic Definition

A disease occurrence in excess of what's expected for a population.

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Population Focus

Public health prioritizes the health of communities rather than individuals.

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Public Health Ethic

The guiding principle of public health focuses on societal issues and collective welfare.

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Public Health Emphasis

Public health tends to focus on prevention rather than diagnosis and treatment.

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Media's Role

Acts as a vehicle for public discourse on health issues and education.

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Government Agencies

Responsible for implementing health policies and ensuring health is included in all policies.

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John Snow's Intervention

Research led to stopping the exposure to contaminated water.

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Source of Cholera

John Snow convinced the British government that cholera was caused by sewage in water.

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Public Health Core Functions

Three functions: Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance.

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Assessment Function

Systematically collects and analyzes health information.

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Policy Development

Uses scientific knowledge for effective public health policies.

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Assurance in Public Health

Ensures that necessary services are provided to those in need.

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Public Health Surveillance

Monitoring health to identify problems and trends.

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Intervention Evaluation

Determining which public health interventions are effective.

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Health Determinants

Factors that influence the health of individuals or populations.

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Genes and Biology

Inherited traits and biological factors affecting health.

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Health Behaviors

Actions individuals take that affect their health.

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Social/Societal Characteristics

Community factors such as income, education, and environment.

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Health Services or Medical Care

Access to and quality of medical services received by individuals.

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Health Impact Pyramid

A framework displaying levels of public health interventions.

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Public Health Impact

The effectiveness of interventions on population health.

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Individual Effort

The amount of personal action required to maintain health.

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Core Public Health Functions

Key responsibilities of public health systems such as assessment, policy development, and assurance.

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Public Health Determinants

Factors that influence the health of individuals and populations, like social conditions and environment.

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Stakeholders in Public Health

Individuals or groups with an interest in public health outcomes, including government, NGOs, and the community.

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History of Public Health

Significant events that have shaped public health practices and policies over time.

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Public Health Services

Activities aimed to promote health, prevent disease, and protect populations.

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Role of Public Health

The function of promoting health, preventing disease, and extending life in the population.

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Individual vs Population Health

Understanding how individual health determinants affect overall community health.

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Key Terms in Public Health

Essential vocabulary used in the discipline of public health to facilitate communication and understanding.

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World Health Organization (WHO) Constitution

The foundational document that defines the purpose and principles of the WHO.

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Public Health Report

A document that provides insights and data on health conditions affecting populations.

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Epidemiology

The study of how diseases affect the health of populations.

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Violence and Health Report

A WHO publication that explores the impact of violence on public health.

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UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report

An annual report that assesses the global response to HIV/AIDS.

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Texting while Driving Risks

The dangers associated with texting while operating a vehicle.

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Smoking and Health Report

A significant document discussing the health effects of tobacco use.

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Public Health Endorsement

A note indicating that connections provided are not endorsements by health authorities.

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Study Notes

Public Health 101 Series

  • This slide set is in the public domain and can be customized for educational purposes.
  • Citation of the source is appreciated.
  • The instructor's name, title, and organization are included for identification.

Course Topics

  • Public Health Definition and Key Terms
  • History of Public Health
  • A Public Health Approach
  • Core Functions and Essential Services of Public Health
  • Stakeholder Roles in Public Health
  • Determining and Influencing the Public's Health

Learning Objectives

  • Describe the purpose of public health
  • Define key terms used in public health
  • Identify prominent events in the history of public health
  • Recognize the core public health functions and services
  • Describe the role of different stakeholders in public health
  • List some determinants of health
  • Recognize how individual determinants of health affect population health

Topic 1: Public Health Definition and Key Terms

  • Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals (CEA Winslow).

Topic 2: The History of Public Health

  • Sanitation and Environmental Health: Greeks and Romans (500 BCE) and the Public Health Act (1840) in the UK; these efforts demonstrate early community sanitation measures. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was founded (1970) further illustrating the progression.

  • Pandemics: Influenza (1918, 500 million infected), Polio (vaccine introduced in 1955, eradication effort launched in 1988 - eradication achieved), HIV (34 million living with HIV worldwide; 20% decline in new infections since 2001) and preparedness for disaster response such as 2001 and Katrina

  • Events like the Siege of Kaffa (plague used as a weapon).

Topic 3: A Public Health Approach

  • Surveillance to identify the problem
  • Risk Factor Identification to determine the cause
  • Intervention Evaluation to determine what works
  • Implementation to determine how to implement

Topic 4: Core Functions and Essential Services of Public Health

  • Three core functions: assessment, policy development, and assurance
  • Ten essential functions: monitor health, diagnose and investigate, inform, educate, empower, mobilize community partnership, develop policies, link to/provide care, assure competent workforce, and research.

Topic 5: Stakeholder Roles in Public Health

  • Partners in the public health system: community, clinical care delivery system, government public health infrastructure, academia, the media, employers and businesses.
  • Non-governmental organizations: professional membership organizations, associations related to a specific health concern, organizations of citizens and foundations.
  • Health care is a partner in public health because it shares the population focus, public health ethic, prevention emphasis, joint involvement, clinical sciences peripheral to professional training, and public sector basis.

Topic 6: Determining and Influencing the Public's Health

  • Health determinants: genes and biology, health behaviors, social/societal characteristics, health services or medical care. Diagrammed in a pyramid, shows the increasing individual effort needed as the focus moves upward
  • The health impact framework can help public health impact by showing the relationship between socioeconomic factors, making decisions, preventive medicine, and counseling and education.

Knowledge Checks

  • Various knowledge checks assess understanding of key concepts, stakeholders, and the public health approach.

Resources

  • Various resources for further reading about public health are provided, including websites for the CDC, APHA, and others.

Disclaimer

  • Specific disclaimers regarding the CDC and other organizations are included in the slides.

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