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Questions and Answers
Public Health is a partner in the Public Health System, ensuring the conditions for population health.
Public Health is a partner in the Public Health System, ensuring the conditions for population health.
True (A)
A major role of government in the Public Health System is clinical care delivery.
A major role of government in the Public Health System is clinical care delivery.
False (B)
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) are not involved in public health.
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) are not involved in public health.
False (B)
The public health ethic focuses on personal service.
The public health ethic focuses on personal service.
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The American Cancer Society is an example of a professional membership organization.
The American Cancer Society is an example of a professional membership organization.
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The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports health projects but does not influence public policy.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports health projects but does not influence public policy.
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Employers and Businesses can be considered partners in Public Health.
Employers and Businesses can be considered partners in Public Health.
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Clinical sciences are essential to professional training in Public Health.
Clinical sciences are essential to professional training in Public Health.
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Public Health and Health Care often have joint laboratory and field involvement.
Public Health and Health Care often have joint laboratory and field involvement.
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The media promotes public discourse on health topics by utilizing vehicles such as social media and health communication.
The media promotes public discourse on health topics by utilizing vehicles such as social media and health communication.
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The American Public Health Association (APHA) published a report about the impact of the Prevention and Public Health Fund on the nation's physical and fiscal health in 2012.
The American Public Health Association (APHA) published a report about the impact of the Prevention and Public Health Fund on the nation's physical and fiscal health in 2012.
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The California Department of Public Health has launched an initiative called "Tobacco Free CA" with the aim of promoting tobacco use.
The California Department of Public Health has launched an initiative called "Tobacco Free CA" with the aim of promoting tobacco use.
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The World Health Organization published a report on violence and health in 2002
The World Health Organization published a report on violence and health in 2002
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The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers key facts about the seasonal flu vaccine on its website.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers key facts about the seasonal flu vaccine on its website.
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The Institute of Medicine released a report called "Who will keep the public healthy?" in 2001
The Institute of Medicine released a report called "Who will keep the public healthy?" in 2001
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The "Social Determinants of Health" initiative by the CDC aims to reduce health disparities.
The "Social Determinants of Health" initiative by the CDC aims to reduce health disparities.
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The Federal Communications Commission has a website that addresses texting while driving.
The Federal Communications Commission has a website that addresses texting while driving.
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The "Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid" was introduced in 2010 by Thomas R. Frieden in the American Journal of Public Health.
The "Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid" was introduced in 2010 by Thomas R. Frieden in the American Journal of Public Health.
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An organization called UNAIDS was involved in a report called "World AIDS Day Report, 2012
An organization called UNAIDS was involved in a report called "World AIDS Day Report, 2012
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The term "Public Health" refers to the science and art of promoting health and preventing diseases within specified populations.
The term "Public Health" refers to the science and art of promoting health and preventing diseases within specified populations.
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The US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare published a report called "Smoking and health" in 1963
The US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare published a report called "Smoking and health" in 1963
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The Institute of Medicine published two reports in 2012, "For the Public’s Health: Investing in a Healthier Future" and "Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health".
The Institute of Medicine published two reports in 2012, "For the Public’s Health: Investing in a Healthier Future" and "Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health".
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The report "Smoking and health" is available for download from the National Library of Medicine website.
The report "Smoking and health" is available for download from the National Library of Medicine website.
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Dean H. provided a presentation on the CDC Science Ambassador Program in 2012, covering topics such as public health, epidemiology, and surveillance.
Dean H. provided a presentation on the CDC Science Ambassador Program in 2012, covering topics such as public health, epidemiology, and surveillance.
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The Institute of Medicine defines the mission of public health as focusing primarily on individual well-being.
The Institute of Medicine defines the mission of public health as focusing primarily on individual well-being.
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The report "The untilled field of public health" was published in the 1920s
The report "The untilled field of public health" was published in the 1920s
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A $\text{determinant}$ is a factor that contributes to the emergence of a trait.
A $\text{determinant}$ is a factor that contributes to the emergence of a trait.
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The World Health Organization defines public health with a strong emphasis on maximizing benefits for the largest number of people.
The World Health Organization defines public health with a strong emphasis on maximizing benefits for the largest number of people.
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The CDC endorses all organizations listed as resources.
The CDC endorses all organizations listed as resources.
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The terms $\text{epidemic}$ and $\text{outbreak}$ are interchangeable, both referring to an increase in health-related events beyond normal expectations.
The terms $\text{epidemic}$ and $\text{outbreak}$ are interchangeable, both referring to an increase in health-related events beyond normal expectations.
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$\text{Clinical care}$ refers only to preventive measures and does not encompass treatment or management of illness.
$\text{Clinical care}$ refers only to preventive measures and does not encompass treatment or management of illness.
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A $\text{health outcome}$ is a factor that leads to changes in a person's health status.
A $\text{health outcome}$ is a factor that leads to changes in a person's health status.
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Public health strives to ensure that all individuals have access to essential healthcare services.
Public health strives to ensure that all individuals have access to essential healthcare services.
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An $\text{intervention}$ is a type of disease occurrence that surpasses expected levels.
An $\text{intervention}$ is a type of disease occurrence that surpasses expected levels.
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The Siege of Kaffa was a pandemic.
The Siege of Kaffa was a pandemic.
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The Environmental Protection Agency was founded in the 1840s.
The Environmental Protection Agency was founded in the 1840s.
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The Public Health Act of 1848 was established in the United States.
The Public Health Act of 1848 was established in the United States.
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Polio eradication was launched in 1988.
Polio eradication was launched in 1988.
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The number of people living with HIV has decreased by 20% worldwide since 2001.
The number of people living with HIV has decreased by 20% worldwide since 2001.
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In the United States, food labeling has been introduced to promote physical activity.
In the United States, food labeling has been introduced to promote physical activity.
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The Book of Leviticus contains the world's first written health code.
The Book of Leviticus contains the world's first written health code.
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Public health surveillance was conducted after Hurricane Katrina.
Public health surveillance was conducted after Hurricane Katrina.
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Flashcards
Public Health
Public Health
Focuses on the health of populations rather than individuals.
Health Care
Health Care
Concentrates on diagnosing and treating individual patients' health issues.
Role of Employers
Role of Employers
Provide wellness initiatives and programs that promote health in the workplace.
Media in Public Health
Media in Public Health
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Government Agencies
Government Agencies
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Stakeholder Roles
Stakeholder Roles
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Sanitation Measures
Sanitation Measures
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The Public Health Act of 1848
The Public Health Act of 1848
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Public Health Infrastructure
Public Health Infrastructure
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The Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency
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Professional Membership Organizations
Professional Membership Organizations
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Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
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Influenza Pandemic 1918
Influenza Pandemic 1918
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Health Foundations
Health Foundations
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Polio Vaccine Introduction
Polio Vaccine Introduction
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HIV Global Prevalence
HIV Global Prevalence
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Preparedness for Disaster Response
Preparedness for Disaster Response
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Tobacco Laws
Tobacco Laws
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Public Health Purpose
Public Health Purpose
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Key Terms in Public Health
Key Terms in Public Health
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Historical Events in Public Health
Historical Events in Public Health
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Core Public Health Functions
Core Public Health Functions
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Stakeholders in Public Health
Stakeholders in Public Health
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Determinants of Health
Determinants of Health
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Individual vs Population Health
Individual vs Population Health
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Health Impact Pyramid
Health Impact Pyramid
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Public Health Mission
Public Health Mission
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Maximum Benefit
Maximum Benefit
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Clinical Care
Clinical Care
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Determinant
Determinant
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Epidemic
Epidemic
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Health Outcome
Health Outcome
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Population Health Rights
Population Health Rights
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Epidemic or Outbreak
Epidemic or Outbreak
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Institute of Medicine
Institute of Medicine
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Tobacco Smoking
Tobacco Smoking
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World Health Organization (WHO)
World Health Organization (WHO)
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AIDS
AIDS
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Violence and Health Report
Violence and Health Report
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Texting While Driving
Texting While Driving
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CDC Disclaimers
CDC Disclaimers
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Study Notes
Public Health 101 Introduction
- Public Health 101 course covers the definition and key terms, history, approach, core functions, stakeholder roles, and influencing public health.
- Learning objectives include describing the purpose and key terms, identifying prominent events in public health history, recognizing core functions and services, describing stakeholder roles, listing health determinants, and understanding how health determinants affect population health.
- Public Health, as defined by C.E.A. Winslow, is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals."
- The mission of public health, according to the Institute of Medicine, is to "fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy." The World Health Organization defines it as "providing maximum benefit for the largest number of people."
Course Topics
- Topic 1: Public Health Definition and Key Terms
- Topic 2: History of Public Health
- Topic 3: A Public Health Approach
- Topic 4: Core Functions and Essential Services of Public Health
- Topic 5: Stakeholder Roles in Public Health
- Topic 6: Determining and Influencing the Public's Health
Public Health Key Terms
- Clinical care: The prevention, treatment, and management of illness, as well as preserving mental and physical well-being.
- Determinant: A factor contributing to the generation of a trait.
- Epidemic/Outbreak: An occurrence of an illness, behavior, or event in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
- Health outcome: The result of a medical condition, affecting the quality and length of life.
The Mission of Public Health
- The Institute of Medicine defines the mission of public health as fulfilling society's interest in ensuring conditions to promote healthy populations.
- The World Health Organization defines the mission of public health as providing maximum benefit to the largest number of people.
A Public Health Approach
- The structure of a public health approach includes Surveillance, Risk Factor Identification, Intervention Evaluation, and Implementation.
- Surveillance: Assessing the issue, identifying the problem
- Risk Factor Identification: Determining the cause
- Intervention Evaluation: Examining what methods work
- Implementation: Executing the methods and determining how to best carry them out
Public Health Core Sciences
- Essential components of public health include Surveillance, Epidemiology, Informatics, and Laboratory, all working together to achieve the goal of healthy populations. Central to all these aspects is the concept of prevention effectiveness.
- Core Public Health functions include Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance.
Core Functions of Public Health
- Assessment: Systematically collecting, analyzing, and making information available about the health of communities. This may include identifying health problems within a community to determine their cause and extent.
- Policy Development: Promoting the use of a scientific knowledge base to make policy and decisions regarding the health of communities.
- Assurance: Ensuring the provision of health services in a way that meets the needs of the community.
Ten Essential Public Health Services
- There are ten essential public health services that support the health of populations. Monitoring health; diagnosing and investigating diseases; educating, empowering, and partnering with communities; creating policies based on scientific data; linking people to healthcare; ensuring the provision of effective healthcare; and ensuring a competent workforce; evaluating services; and generating new knowledge about health.
Cholera Example
- Cholera was a widespread, deadly intestinal disease in London in the early 1800s, often misattributed to "bad air," but it was linked to contaminated drinking water by John Snow.
- John Snow's investigations form the basis of modern epidemiology.
Health Determinants
- Socioeconomic factors affect a person's health
- Genetics and biology also contributes
- In general, health behaviours determine outcomes
- Health services/medical care plays a part
Health Impact Pyramid
- The pyramid illustrates the impact of public health interventions based on the level of individual effort needed. At the base (largest impact) are socioeconomic factors, followed by making healthy choices the default, preventive medicine, medical care, and counseling/education.
Stakeholder Roles
- Public health relies on various stakeholders including the community, government infrastructure, clinical care delivery systems, employers/businesses, academia, and media. Each stakeholder has a unique role in a multitude of aspects that affect the health of populations—from enforcing health policy to educating the public and developing new knowledge.
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Specific health concerns (e.g., tobacco use, cancer) have related NGO groups. These groups bring expertise, insights, and resources to support related public health projects and influence public policy.
Public Health and Health Care
- Public health and health care are interconnected and often work in collaboration. Public health focuses on the health of populations, while health care focuses on the health of individuals.
- These often require different strategies and methods, but they should work together to effectively improve the health of populations.
Additional Resources
- Various sources provide additional learning materials relevant to the field of public health.
Disclaimers
- Links to nonfederal organizations in this course are for user convenience and don't necessarily imply endorsement by the CDC or federal government.
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Description
This quiz introduces the key concepts of Public Health 101, including its definition, history, core functions, and the roles of stakeholders. Explore the fundamental objectives that guide public health initiatives and understand how historical events shape modern practices. Test your knowledge of health determinants and their impact on population health.
