Public Finance & Taxation Theory

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal when Spain's public sector is funded?

  • To obtain revenue of a financial nature.
  • To derive income from property.
  • To generate contractual income.
  • To collect revenue of a non-financial nature. (correct)

Which of the following best describes a tax?

  • A public revenue for sanctions.
  • A compulsory payment without direct benefit to the payer. (correct)
  • A fee for a specific service.
  • A voluntary public income.

What distinguishes a tax from other compulsory payments?

  • It is levied by a private body.
  • It is voluntary.
  • It does not involve any direct consideration for the payer. (correct)
  • It provides entitlement to a specific public service.

Under what condition a compulsory payment becomes a tax?

<p>When it is levied by a public administration for no consideration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic nature does a public limited company dividend received by the Junta de Andalucía have as public revenue?

<p>Income of a financial nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of an indirect tax?

<p>It is levied on someone other than who ultimately bears it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the tax rates applied to taxes?

<p>They usually consist of a percentage or a sum of money per physical unit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the horizontal equity principle of taxation demand?

<p>That persons in the same situation receive the same tax treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental goal of the tax principle of redistribution?

<p>That public spending programmes benefit most those with the fewest resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How the tax principle of redistribution improve income equality?

<p>Levying confiscatory taxes on the richest taxpayers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculates tax burden?

<p>(Taxes plus social contributions)/GDP. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individual A has an income of CU1,000 and B CU2,000

<p>A=80, B=150 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose Individual A earns 100,000 euros per year and Individual B 10,000 euros.

<p>A: 2,000, B: 2,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a good taxation strategy for married couples in a proportional Personal Income Tax?

<p>It doesn't matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does peronal income tax start and end?

<p>It usually coincides with the calendar year, although in theory it could cover a longer period of time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The linear income tax model is characterized by what?

<p>Use a single tax rate for all taxpayers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who pays corporate income tax is a tax?

<p>Legal persons in general. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of profit does Corporate income tax apply to?

<p>The accounting profit adjusted for tax purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the "Tobin's tax"?

<p>Speculative foreign exchange operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of wealth, from natural persons is intended to be leviedin the net wealth tax?

<p>The assets and rights, net of debts, of natural persons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Transfer taxes intended to target for taxation?

<p>Transfers of goods for valuable consideration by natural persons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tax is the tax on personal expenditure?

<p>Indirect and of a personal nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

VAT, reduce rate of taxation can be classified as?

<p>Proportional. (B), Regressive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Spain charges a French entrepreneur selling a product?

<p>It does not charge VAT to the buyer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does VAT tax applied in countries intended for?

<p>Consumption by natural persons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is tax on personal expenditure direct or Indirect?

<p>It has not been implemented in any country in the world. (B), Not applicable in any EU country. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of stocks that net tax intends to level?

<p>The assets and rights, net of debts, of natural persons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individual A has an income of CU100 and Income B CU200 and rate of 10% is applied. What will be tax payables?

<p>10 A and 20 B. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is taxes/GDP usually defined as?

<p>(Taxes plus social contributions)/GDP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT right to identify as a direct tax

<p>A tax for which there is no provision for pass-through from a Legal Affairs point of view. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The taxation principle of equality requires at least what?

<p>Persons in the same situation receive the same tax treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Spanish public sector mainly financed by what?

<p>Taxes and social security contributions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is more favorable as a taxing options for married couples in a single tax scale applicable to all types of families , single, married, married with children?

<p>Joint Taxation (D), Individual Taxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is normally taxable for VAT in countries?

<p>The seller, importer or intra-Community acquirer of goods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fee is a public revenue that is charged for what? (public services)

<p>Non-voluntary and not provided by the private sector. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a "Tributo" identified as?

<p>A coercive public revenue wthat is not a Santion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a Spanish public entity receives dividends from a public limited company, how is this classified as public revenue?

<p>Income of a financial nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are tax rates generally structured for taxes?

<p>They are applied as a percentage on a monetary basis, or a sum of money per physical unit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corporate income tax is applied to profits that are:

<p>Conforming to accounting standards adjusted according to tax regulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the circular flow of income and expenditure, where the tax on motor vehicles ownership is supposed to be located?

<p>In making purchases of consumer (durable) goods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assume the regional parliament approves a new fee for the creation of public limited companies, and it´s coercitive and unrequited. What can the new company tax be economically qualified as?

<p>Tax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social contributions, identified as:

<p>Income with some consideration for social benefits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the options are correct in public revenue, to social contributions, can be identified as?

<p>Taxes earned to finance social benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If we consider personal income tax was designed to be progressive, what's needed for it to improve its distribution?

<p>Public spending (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct tax?

<p>tax that cannot be transfered from legal terms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does horizontal principle in taxation provides?

<p>Everyone in the same circumstances should bear the same taxes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why its necesary the existence of tax fraud?

<p>With no action from taxation principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As an economical term, consumption tax includes which of the following?

<p>An indirect tax, in any situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If we have a linear tax system, what makes it an ethical option?

<p>having a non taxable minimum allowance to be discounted before applying the tax rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can we get the tax burden from a country?

<p>with an indicator that considers not only the taxes in terms of GDP but also the size of the population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the application of differentiated bases such as savings and general, affect the structure of IRPF (Personal Income Tax) since 2007 in Spain?

<p>It establishes a dual structure, indicative of separate tax treatments for different income types. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If social contributions aren't strictly taxes, how can they be correctly identify?

<p>They are included with taxes in international comparisons of the tax burden. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterises a situation where there is equality in tax?

<p>Describing those under comparable conditions receiving equal treatments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Contractual Income?

Revenue derived from contractual activities, lacking coercion

What is a Tax?

A compulsory payment without direct consideration for the payer

Defining Revenue

Income or assets that increase a company's net worth

What is an Indirect Tax?

Tax paid by someone other than the one who bears its burden

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Who is the Active Tax Subject?

The public administration able to collect a tax

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What is Horizontal Equity?

Ensuring equal tax treatment for individuals in similar situations

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What is Tax Principle?

The goal that the after-tax equality must be greater than before tax

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Defining Tax Burden

Ratio of taxes plus contributions to GDP

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Defining a deductible expense

Reduces the tax base amount subject to full taxation.

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What Removes Freezing?

Avoids the effect of income tax rising quickly

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What are Social contributions?

Those providing social benefits or generating social benefits

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What is the State?

Public power that applies rules about private properties

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What is a digital canon?

Levies placed on use of the public domain

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The level of taxation can vary

Not always applied to domestic or financial positions

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What is a variable?

The increase or decrease in something of taxable things or properties

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What is proportionality?

A way to make equality or balance

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What is progression?

The way to make things constant no matter the circumstances

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What is IPN or wealth tax?

An annual tax on wealth, not income

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Study Notes

  • Public Finance Test (Taxation Systems) is by José M. Domínguez Martínez, a Professor of Public Finance at the University of Málaga
  • The 2nd Edition was published in Malaga, 2012

Publication Purpose

  • To offer reasoned responses to questions relating to the introductory study of tax system theory.
  • Most tests are included in the book "Introducción a la Hacienda Pública (Sistemas Fiscales): teoría y práctica".
  • The solutions appear without justification in the original book, to facilitate study, the following pages provide a brief justification for each of the proposed questions.

Test Structure

  • Tests are multiple-choice with four possible answers, only one of which is valid.
  • The first test covers basic topics of taxation theory
  • The next test covers government revenue.
  • A subsequent test focuses specifically on taxation.
  • Principles of taxation are addressed in the fourth test
  • The remaining questionnaires deal with the main types of taxation.

Taxation sequence

  • Personal income tax
  • Corporate income tax
  • Wealth tax
  • Personal expenditure tax
  • Consumption tax
  • Value Added Tax

Self-Testing

  • There are 336 questions, and some questions have similar wording to broaden the possibilities for self-testing.

Teaching Approach

  • The exercises result from our teaching experience in the Faculty of Economics and Business Studies at the University of Malaga since the early 1980s.
  • This combines theoretical and practical aspects, which are considered inseparable components, is an indispensable requirement for teaching in the field of Public Finance.

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