Public Administration Models Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is primarily associated with classic public administration?

Market competition

Decentralization

Scientific management (correct)

Decreasing organization size

What does New Public Management emphasize as a strategy for improved performance?

Increase in agency size

Extensive performance management (correct)

Hierarchical oversight

Promotion by seniority

What is a key feature of Neo-Weberian State's approach?

Funding through public donations

Strict hierarchical control

Complete privatization of services

Agencification rethought (correct)

Which method is suggested to enhance performance information in budgeting?

Super-budgeting Signup and view all the answers

What does decentralization in New Public Management typically involve?

Break-ups of large organizations Signup and view all the answers

In the context of performance management, what does public-private salary competitiveness aim to achieve?

Attraction and retention of skilled professionals Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the idea of contractual HRM embody in New Public Management?

Flexibility and efficiency in hiring practices Signup and view all the answers

What does intensive performance management emphasize?

Understanding of support function roles Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical action during the consolidation stage of change?

Hiring and promoting employees aligned with the new vision Signup and view all the answers

Which pitfall is associated with consolidating improvements and producing more change?

Letting resistors convince others that the change is complete Signup and view all the answers

What emotional barrier may arise due to a 'politics first' mentality?

Mistrust and low sharing of useful information Signup and view all the answers

How should leaders demonstrate their willingness to change?

By exhibiting their own efforts to adapt to change Signup and view all the answers

What can result from more talk than action during a change initiative?

Misalignment of actions among different teams Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of mechanistic action under performance pressure?

Reinforcement of habitual work patterns over creativity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key action to institutionalize new approaches?

Establishing social norms consistent with desired behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen if new social norms are not created during change?

The change efforts may fail to take hold Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue that complacency presents to organizations?

Belief that change is unnecessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields contributes to the development of behavioral insights for public policy?

Sociology Signup and view all the answers

How does priming influence decision-making according to behavioral insights?

By affecting unconscious cues. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the concept of 'defaults' play in behavioral insights?

They lead people to choose pre-set options automatically. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a crisis as per the provided information?

It necessitates immediate response to mitigate its impact. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the emotional aspect of behavioral insights?

Emotions significantly shape our associations and actions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of effective public policies informed by behavioral insights?

They reflect insights into actual human behavior. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of crises, what is typically a consequence of failing to respond effectively?

Widespread confusion and severity of consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a vital future skill in the OSKA study for accounting and business consultation?

Data mining and analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is emphasized as necessary for advisory roles during volatile times according to the OSKA report?

Self-management Signup and view all the answers

What type of skills gap is identified in the current labor market?

Shortage of ICT-professionals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a relevant skill for public servants?

Mastering customer service techniques Signup and view all the answers

What kind of thinking skills are increasingly necessary according to the OSKA study?

Analytical and critical Signup and view all the answers

What is a reported issue regarding mutual understanding between IT and business sectors?

Unclear expectations Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for implementing new technology trends as per the discussed skills?

Understanding business logic Signup and view all the answers

Which area indicates a varied maturity in developing skills according to public authorities?

Government area and management level Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for effective learning in the workplace as identified in the discussion?

Access to knowledge when needed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary skill regarding cybersecurity mentioned in the forecast?

Evaluating and mitigating cyber threats Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes radically disruptive innovation?

The use of new technology to create a new business model without clear competitors. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of innovation involves small, cumulative changes in an existing product?

Incrementally sustaining innovation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary question that enhancement-oriented innovation seeks to answer?

How might we do X better? Signup and view all the answers

What does adaptive innovation primarily focus on?

Responding quickly to changes in the operating environment. Signup and view all the answers

What major challenge does the public sector face when implementing enhancement-oriented innovation?

Rapid technological change combined with austerity policies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of anticipatory innovation?

Preparing for and responding to future uncertainties. Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation type is characterized by significant improvements on existing processes providing new value?

Radically sustaining. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does adaptive innovation strengthen within public administrations?

Resilience and adaptive capacity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classic Public Administration

Focuses on efficiency, legality, and predictability
Hierarchy and rules-based decision making are core principles
Large organizations rely on top-down leadership and coordinated information flow
Features include tenure-based careers, scientific management, and incremental budgeting

New Public Management (NPM)

Emphasizes specialization, decentralization, and market-like principles
A shift towards performance-based management and contractual relationships
Focuses on achieving desired public outcomes
Utilizes super-budgeting to achieve performance goals
Introduces private sector management principles and methodologies into the public sector

Neo-Weberian State

Modernizes the classic public administration model
Incorporates elements of NPM and incorporates professionalization
Promotes effective communication and coordination
Emphasizes control, accountability, and transparency through technology and data analysis

Skills Needed for Future Public Servants

Data mining, analysis, and interpretation skills
Information and data visualization skills
Critical thinking skills
Oral and written communication skills
Project management skills
Analytical and critical thinking skills needed for advisory work
Self-management skills and adaptability to change

The Digital Skills Gap in Public Service

Unclear expectations and lack of mutual understanding between IT and business stakeholders
Shortage of ICT-professionals in the labor market
Public authorities perceive a need for systematic skills development
Variation in maturity levels across government areas and management positions
Change in expectations and habits regarding learning needs (access to knowledge when needed)
Lack of systematic approaches for training activities planning

Kotter Change Stages

Consolidate Improvements and Produce More Change: Uses credibility from early wins to make further changes, promotes employees who support the vision, reinvigorates the change process with new projects and agents, articulates connections between new behaviors and successes.
Pitfalls of this stage are declaring victory too soon, allowing resistors to undermine the process, and failing to create new social norms and shared values.
Institutionalize New Approaches: Creates leadership development and succession plans consistent with the new approach.
Pitfalls of this stage are promoting people into leadership positions who don't represent the new approach.

Emotional Barriers to Change

Mistrust and low sharing of information: Leads to a "politics first" mentality where appearance management is prioritized over action.
Low receptivity to effortful change: Leaders must demonstrate their own willingness to change before asking it of others.
More talk than action: Communication without emotional engagement leads to misaligned actions and difficulty integrating teams.
Mechanistic action: Under high pressure, employees become creatures of habit and lose innovative drive.
Complacency: The organization believes the status quo is good enough and avoids effortful change.

Tuckman's Stages

A framework for team development.

Behavioural Insights (BI)

Integrates science and research methods from various behavioral fields to understand human behavior.
Uses those insights to inform public policy levers, potentially yielding more effective and representative policies.
Key BI levers include: messenger, priming, affect, norms, defaults, salience, commitment, and ego.

Crisis

An unexpected and significant event or situation that poses a serious threat to individuals, organizations, or communities.
Requires immediate action and decision-making to mitigate its impact.
Effective communication is crucial to mitigate negative consequences.

Types of Innovation

Radically disruptive: Harnesses new technologies and creates new business models with no clear competitors.
Radically sustaining: Improves on existing products or processes in established markets, providing new value for the customer.
Incrementally disruptive: Incremental technological improvements that lead to significant disruption.
Incrementally sustaining: Small, cumulative changes within an existing product, technology, or service.

Enhancement-Oriented Innovation

Upgrades practices, achieves efficiencies, and improves results without significant system alterations.
Addresses the need to serve citizens better, faster, and more efficiently while minimizing costs.

Adaptive Innovation

Tests and tries new approaches in response to a changing environment.
Supports public administration by strengthening resilience and building adaptive capacity.

Anticipatory Innovation

Prepares for future challenges and opportunities.
Continuously identifies, tests, and implements innovative solutions to benefit from future opportunities and reduce risks.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various models of public administration, including Classic Public Administration, New Public Management, and the Neo-Weberian State. Explore concepts like efficiency, decentralization, and the integration of private sector principles in public governance.