Administrative law week 7
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the new public management (NPM) concept?

  • Maximizing profits for service providers
  • Meeting the needs and expectations of service recipients (correct)
  • Reducing the scope of public sector tasks
  • Centralizing power within government agencies

Which of the following represents a limitation of the NPM paradigm?

  • It assumes market solutions can address varied social needs (correct)
  • It utilizes traditional management practices
  • It enhances regulatory control over public agencies
  • It encourages uniformity in service provision

Opponents of NPM argue that it does not differentiate between which types of clients?

  • Clients who subsidize services and clients who demand services (correct)
  • Clients with managerial expertise and those without
  • Short-term customers and long-term clients
  • Government agencies and private entities

What is one of the criticisms regarding the market environments established by NPM in the public sector?

<p>They do not represent true competitive markets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of administration under the NPM approach?

<p>Increasing community involvement and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of New Public Management (NPM) in comparison to traditional public administration?

<p>Greater emphasis on personal responsibility of managers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does NPM evaluate the success of public programs?

<p>Using the 3Es principle: economy, efficiency, effectiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organizational structure is characteristic of NPM?

<p>Divided among units organized around specific services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NPM advocate regarding the roles of public authorities?

<p>Reduction of the functions performed through privatization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are relationships within administrative units structured under NPM?

<p>Based on contracts and result-oriented agreements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable departure NPM makes from classic bureaucratic practices?

<p>Creation of more flexible employment and working conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the approach to goal-setting in NPM?

<p>Goals are clearly delineated with evaluative indicators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does NPM propose to handle public sector tasks?

<p>By subjecting certain tasks to market evaluation through contracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable consequence of the monotony of work within traditional organizational models?

<p>Decline in productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the traditional model of public management primarily characterize organizational operations?

<p>Through hierarchical coordination and strict rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect may lead to a decrease in motivation among employees in traditional models?

<p>Emphasis on objectivity and rationality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary aim of New Public Management (NPM) in reforming public organizations?

<p>To increase emphasis on economic efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critique do opponents of New Public Management raise regarding its applicability?

<p>It fails to distinguish between public and private sector differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic aligns with the traditional model of public service as identified by Guy Peters?

<p>Equality both inside and outside the organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the New Public Management model suggest in terms of organizational objectives?

<p>Orientation towards achieving measurable outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the traditional model of public administration?

<p>Focus on dynamic and adaptive strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of governance compared to NPM?

<p>The relationship between government and society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept advocates for the government to 'steer rather than row'?

<p>New Public Management (NPM) (C), Governance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect do governance and NPM share?

<p>An emphasis on accountability to citizens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes NPM from governance in terms of ideology?

<p>NPM promotes corporate values in public service (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of focus, governance primarily emphasizes which of the following?

<p>Processes and relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might it be argued that the government should not be solely held responsible for social policy?

<p>The law of supply and demand dictates public service delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the essence of NPM's view of public management?

<p>It aims for corporate-style efficiency in the public sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference in goals between NPM and traditional public administration?

<p>Concern for citizen satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes new public governance (NPG) from traditional public administration?

<p>NPG involves multiple actors in a network, including citizens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is considered a hallmark of public governance?

<p>Stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern that arises from the shift of power to networks in both NPG and NPM?

<p>Public accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does NPG relate to the principles of democracy?

<p>It supports participatory and deliberative democracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of new public governance?

<p>Centralized decision-making by government officials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do citizens play in the context of new public governance?

<p>They are viewed as stakeholders with interests in public decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the principle of subsidiarity in new public governance?

<p>It allows public tasks to be delegated to civil society organizations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is commonly associated with both new public management (NPM) and new public governance (NPG)?

<p>Increased participation of private actors in public governance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of New Public Management (NPM) compared to governance?

<p>Efficiency and citizen satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does NPM utilize public choice theory in its framework?

<p>To provide tools for reforming public service delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the philosophical foundation of governance?

<p>An emphasis on the relationship between government and society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of governance as explained in the content?

<p>Authoritative allocation of values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does governance view the Weberian model in relation to its practices?

<p>It sees the Weberian model as appropriate in certain situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is mainly overlooked by New Public Management?

<p>The processes of social policy implementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about NPM is correct?

<p>NPM emphasizes the efficiency of public goods provision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of governance, what is emphasized about public goods?

<p>Their unique cultural and political roles must be recognized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Monotony of work

The constant repetition of tasks and procedures can lead to a lack of motivation and interest among employees. This can negatively impact their productivity.

Distancing of employees

Focusing solely on rules and objectivity can create a distance between employees and the organization's goals. This can lead to lower moral and commitment.

Restricting Creativity

Strict regulations and procedures can hinder creativity and innovation. This can stifle new ideas and prevent the organization from growing.

Apolitical Civil Service

An apolitical civil service operates independently from political influence, focusing on impartial administration and policy execution.

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Hierarchy and Rules

Hierarchical structures and clear rules define roles and responsibilities, ensuring clear lines of authority and accountability.

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Permanence and Stability

Public servants are expected to have long-term commitments to their positions, providing stability and institutional memory.

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Institutional Civil Service

A civil service that focuses on institutions and their internal processes, prioritizing system maintenance over individual achievements.

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Equality in the Civil Service

Public servants are treated equally, with the same rights and opportunities regardless of their background or position.

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New Public Management (NPM)

A management approach that emphasizes efficiency, market principles, and customer focus in the public sector.

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How does NPM aim to improve public services?

The NPM concept aims to provide flexible, efficient public services by adopting private sector management approaches, emphasizing customer satisfaction, competition, and decentralization.

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What are the limitations of applying market principles to public services?

NPM's focus on market efficiency is challenged by the inherent differences between public and private sectors, including social needs and limited competition.

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Why is NPM criticized for its reliance on market forces?

NPM's emphasis on market solutions is seen as insufficient to address all public service needs, especially those related to social and environmental outcomes.

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What is the goal of administration within the NPM framework?

NPM seeks to create a more results-oriented public sector, where performance is measured and accountability is emphasized.

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What is the core principle of New Public Management (NPM)?

New Public Management (NPM) focuses on achieving specific results rather than adhering to rigid processes.

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How does NPM differ from traditional public administration in terms of management responsibility?

NPM emphasizes personal responsibility of managers, shifting from traditional public administration's emphasis on rigid hierarchy.

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What organizational changes does NPM advocate for?

NPM encourages flexibility in employment, work arrangements, and organizational structures, moving away from traditional bureaucratic models.

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How does NPM ensure accountability and evaluation?

NPM sets clear goals and performance measures for both the organization and its employees, allowing for objective evaluation.

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How does NPM introduce market principles into the public sector?

NPM promotes the use of contracts and market-based mechanisms to evaluate public sector services.

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What does NPM advocate for in terms of the size of the public sector?

NPM encourages reducing the scope of public sector operations through privatization.

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What principle is used to evaluate public programs in NPM?

The 3Es principle of economy, efficiency, and effectiveness is used to evaluate public programs in NPM.

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How does NPM change the organizational structure compared to traditional public administration?

In NPM, organizational structure is decentralized, with units focused on specific services, contrasting with the centralized structure of traditional public administration.

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New Public Governance (NPG)

A model of governance where multiple actors, including public and private, contribute to public services and policymaking. The state is not the only decision-maker, and citizens have a more active role.

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Public Governance

A process of governing a complex society where public and private actors, often in networks, participate in decision-making. It emphasizes citizen involvement and sees the government as one among many actors.

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Stakeholders

Individuals and groups with a vested interest in the decisions of public authorities. NPG emphasizes the importance of their views and participation.

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Power Shift in NPG and NPM

The shifting of power from rigid bureaucratic structures to more flexible networks with entrepreneurial activities. This shift also raises questions about accountability.

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Similarities between NPG and NPM

Both NPG and NPM encourage moving away from traditional bureaucratic structures towards more flexible networks and entrepreneurial activities. They share challenges in ensuring accountability.

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Participatory Democracy in NPG

A form of governance that emphasizes people's participation in decision-making. It can take various forms, such as participatory, interactive, deliberative, and partnership democracy.

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Subsidiarity in NPG

A principle that encourages tasks to be handled at the lowest possible level, allowing for greater local autonomy. NPG often involves transferring some public responsibilities to civil society organizations.

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Accountability in NPG

The ability to hold actors accountable for their actions in a system with multiple stakeholders and decentralized responsibilities.

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Governance

A concept acknowledging the interconnectedness of government and society, emphasizing collaboration and shared responsibility.

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Common Ground: Governance and NPM

Both concepts share a common goal of reducing the distance between the government and its citizens, promoting more efficient and responsive public services.

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Governance vs. NPM: Process vs. Results

Governance emphasizes the collaborative process of decision-making involving various actors, while NPM prioritizes achieving results.

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NPM: Towards Corporate Values

NPM aims to instill corporate values and performance metrics in government, blurring the lines between public and private sectors.

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Governance: Public Sector's Unique Role

Governance acknowledges the distinct role of the public sector in safeguarding the common good, promoting fairness and public interest.

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Steering, Not Rowing

Both concepts advocate for a shift from directly managing public services to establishing guidelines and overseeing outcomes.

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Governance: Broader Concept

NPM is seen as a more ideological approach, advocating for a specific model of government-society interaction, whereas governance is a broader concept encompassing various forms of engagement.

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What is governance?

Governance explains how social policies are formed and put into practice. It focuses on the key players involved and how their actions and interactions impact the delivery of public services.

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What is New Public Management (NPM)?

NPM focuses on achieving efficiency and citizen satisfaction. It aims to provide public goods and services valued by citizens at the lowest possible cost.

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Governance's theoretical foundation?

Governance is a political theory focused on the relationship between government and society, aiming to understand the government's actions and how to improve them.

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NPM's theoretical foundation?

NPM is primarily an organizational theory, borrowing from public choice theory to create a framework for improving the structure and function of public institutions.

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How does NPM approach administration?

NPM favors a more results-oriented approach with a focus on performance measurement and accountability.

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Governance's view on public services?

Governance emphasizes the unique role of public services and keeping their provision under government control.

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How does NPM apply private sector concepts?

NPM utilizes concepts and approaches commonly used in the private sector, like efficiency, market-based competition, and customer satisfaction, to improve public services.

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How do governance and NPM differ in their approach to bureaucratic structures?

Governance is more accepting of the traditional Weberian model, which emphasizes bureaucratic structures and processes, while NPM seeks to reform these structures for greater efficiency.

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Study Notes

Traditional Administration

  • Weber's ideal bureaucratic organization prioritizes employee competence and performance for career advancement
  • A clear hierarchy and chain of command define individual responsibilities
  • Legal authority ensures organizational continuity and replacement of employees without disruption
  • All activities and processes are documented for control and improvement
  • Positions are assigned for a specific time and not appropriated by employees
  • Employees are exclusively employed by the organization, avoiding conflicts of interest
  • Employment decisions prioritize competence over other factors
  • Employees are organized within a defined hierarchy and chart
  • Compensation is tied to position and responsibility
  • Employee career paths are based on efficiency and performance

Problems in Ideal Bureaucracy

  • An avalanche of regulations: Each new situation requires a new procedure, leading to an excessive number of rules over time
  • Monotony of work: Codified and described procedures can lead to boredom and reduced productivity
  • Distancing from organization: Emphasizing objectivity alienates employees from organizational activities, impacting motivation and commitment
  • Restricted creativity: Regulating and documenting all aspects hinders creativity and development outside established patterns

New Public Management

  • Public management models evolve in response to challenges in public spending, service quality improvement and efficiency.
  • Public management reform emphasizes economic aspects of funding and better service quality and efficiency
  • Public organizations are expected to adopt managerial concepts used in the private sector for improved efficiency
  • It involves implementing market mechanisms
  • Aims for economic, efficient, and effective public organizations

NPM Features

  • Focus on results rather than processes
  • Emphasis on manager responsibility
  • Flexible employment, working, and organization conditions
  • Well-defined goals and evaluation measures (3Es principle: economy, efficiency and effectiveness)
  • Market evaluation of tasks (e.g., contracts)
  • Reduced public sector responsibilities via privatization

NPM in Relation to Traditional Forms of Management

  • Organizational Structure: Traditional management is centralized, while new management divides among specific services and is based on contracts
  • Relationships: Traditional relationships are indefinite, whereas new relationships have clear and defined goals and evaluations
  • Operation Modes: Traditional management is based on governance ethics, lacking organizational change, while new management adopts modes from the private sector

NPM Funding, Management Style, Results-Orientation, and Control Method

  • Funding: Fixed or growing budget with potential cuts
  • Management Style: Important role for political skills, knowledge of regulations, and transparent practices
  • Results: Implicit and explicit standards, need for clearly defined goals
  • Control: Controlling results and outcomes, while also controlling procedures and spending

NPM Strategy

  • Political Control: Strategic management involving political and administrative leadership and clear mandates
  • Streamlined Processes: Decentralized organization, greater independence, focus on results, and producing reports
  • Professional Development: Increased responsibilities for management employees, increased management training, career planning, and employee development
  • Relations with Citizens: Improved relations through marketing and quality of governance

NPM Concept

  • NPM is a result of dismemberment of organizational structures and decentralization of power
  • It involves: recipient focus, promotion of competition among service providers, transfer of control to the community, decentralization, and participatory management
  • Results-driven approach
  • Combines efforts of public, private, and non-governmental sectors.
  • NPM has limitations in applying efficient public sector reform due to variations in social needs, consumer difference, and market structures

New Public Governance

  • Public governance is not a structure, but a process involving public and private actors in complex interactions
  • Key features: interested in processes, stakeholder engagement, and democratic participation
  • Similarities with NPM: both concepts shift power from bureaucratic structures toward networks, encourage accountability, and seek greater efficiency
  • Differences from NPM: governance is less ideological and more focused on relationships with society and maintaining government control over key services
  • Governance also emphasizes the importance of processes to understand why government does what it does, and how to improve effectiveness.

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Related Documents

Administrative Law Week 7 Definitions PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the principles and limitations of New Public Management (NPM). This quiz covers key features, criticisms, and the evaluation methods associated with NPM in public administration. Ideal for students and professionals interested in modern governance strategies.

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