Part III. Variations of PA

The most widely researched and applied model of Public Administration, emphasizing individual rights and a limited government.

A model of public administration that prioritizes individual rights and a limited government role, often associated with Anglo-American countries.

A model of public administration where the state is hierarchically superior to society with a central authority.

A model of public administration where the relationship between state and society is seen as organic and cooperative, with both growing together.

A model of public administration with a strong state role in providing welfare and a decentralized system.

The study and comparison of administrative traditions across different countries and cultures, often focusing on historical and cultural influences.

Public administration systems and practices in countries that have experienced colonialism, often blending native and colonial influences.

The limited understanding of administrative traditions outside of the Western world, leading to a bias in research and literature.

A theoretical framework explaining the persistence of administrative practices (PA) like policy-making, implementation, and evaluation.

The tendency for prior decisions and choices to limit future options in administrative practices.

The distinct traditions and legacies of administrative practices in a country or region.

A theory that focuses on how institutions, like administrative systems, shape the meaning and goals of individuals.

The idea that individuals are motivated by socially constructed goals and meanings.

The concept that individuals are social beings that strive to behave in accordance with social norms and expectations.

An assumption that efficiency, though often pursued, is not a universally objective value but is influenced by social norms and expectations.

A theoretical framework explaining the way change and trends are adopted within administrative practices.

The increasing similarity of organizations based on the spreading of shared beliefs about what's right and wrong.

The process by which ideas about appropriate structures and procedures spread within professional groups, networks, and education systems.

The tendency for public administration practices to be adopted by various countries, often through the influence of international organizations like the UN and OECD.

The idea that organizations, especially in public administration, tend to adopt new structures and practices based on what is perceived as socially acceptable or legitimate.

External procedures and structures of an organization may be adopted just to appear legitimate, while the actual internal practices may be different.

Organizational change driven by external pressures, such as laws or regulations.

Organizational change motivated by mimicking the practices of successful organizations.

Organizational change driven by professional norms and values, often influenced by education and shared experiences.

The process where organizations within a field become increasingly similar in their structures, practices, and procedures.

A group of organizations that are interconnected, share information, and operate in a similar environment.

The main driving force behind isomorphism is an organization's desire to be seen as legitimate and acceptable by external stakeholders.

Early adopters of organizational innovations often pursue efficiency, but later adopters are more likely to prioritize legitimacy.

The adoption of new practices and structures as a way to appear legitimate, even if they have little impact on actual performance.

Isomorphic change can lead to increased interaction with the organizational environment, even if it doesn't always improve internal efficiency.

The authors who introduced the concept of isomorphism and its link to legitimacy.

The phenomenon where countries copy successful practices from other countries, driven by international norms and organizations.

When countries readily embrace international trends and adopt new practices, potentially without fully considering their specific context.

When countries implement policies or practices superficially, primarily for symbolic reasons, without making significant changes to their existing structures or procedures.

When a country adopts a trend only partially, integrating it with its existing practices while maintaining its unique administrative traditions.

A trend where government functions are transferred to independent agencies, meant to improve efficiency and accountability.

A process where government functions are brought back under central government control, often reversing previous agencification.

An approach to public administration where managers are given more autonomy and are evaluated based on tangible results.

A government system where power is divided between a central authority and regional or state governments, each with specific areas of responsibility.

The ability of the state's administrative machinery to effectively implement policies, manage resources, and deliver public services efficiently.

The process of studying historical developments and the influence of past events on present administrative practices.

The study of how political structures and institutions shape power and decision-making processes.

The study of how public organizations are structured, function, and how they deliver public services.

The concept that organizations are influenced by various pressures and norms emanating from external institutions and professional networks.