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Questions and Answers
What nerves are transmitted through the palatine canal?
What nerves are transmitted through the palatine canal?
- Greater and lesser palatine nerves (correct)
- Mandibular nerve and maxillary nerve
- Facial nerve and vagus nerve
- Pharyngeal nerve and lingual nerve
Where do the greater and lesser palatine nerves emerge?
Where do the greater and lesser palatine nerves emerge?
- At the nasal cavity
- At the oral cavity
- At the greater and lesser palatine foramina (correct)
- At the foramen magnum
What is the direction of the pharyngeal canal?
What is the direction of the pharyngeal canal?
- Inferiorly and anteriorly
- Anteriorly and laterally
- Posteriorly and medially (correct)
- Superiorly and posteriorly
What is the function of the pharyngeal canal?
What is the function of the pharyngeal canal?
What is the term for the space depicted in the schematic illustration?
What is the term for the space depicted in the schematic illustration?
Which anatomical structure is supplied by the orbital nerve?
Which anatomical structure is supplied by the orbital nerve?
What is the primary function of the posterior ethmoidal foramen?
What is the primary function of the posterior ethmoidal foramen?
Which of the following is NOT a structure innervated by the orbital nerve?
Which of the following is NOT a structure innervated by the orbital nerve?
What is the relationship between the orbital nerve and the maxillary sinus?
What is the relationship between the orbital nerve and the maxillary sinus?
The passage of the orbital nerve through the posterior ethmoidal foramen allows it to reach which of the following structures?
The passage of the orbital nerve through the posterior ethmoidal foramen allows it to reach which of the following structures?
Which of the following structures does the pterygopalatine fossa NOT directly communicate with?
Which of the following structures does the pterygopalatine fossa NOT directly communicate with?
Through which opening does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?
Through which opening does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?
Which of the following structures is NOT directly connected to the pterygopalatine fossa by a fissure?
Which of the following structures is NOT directly connected to the pterygopalatine fossa by a fissure?
Which of the following structures would a surgeon need to consider when performing a procedure involving the pterygopalatine fossa?
Which of the following structures would a surgeon need to consider when performing a procedure involving the pterygopalatine fossa?
Why is it important to understand the connections of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Why is it important to understand the connections of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Through which foramen does the posterior superior nasal nerve enter the nasal cavity?
Through which foramen does the posterior superior nasal nerve enter the nasal cavity?
What is the direction of the posterior superior nasal nerve as it enters the nasal cavity?
What is the direction of the posterior superior nasal nerve as it enters the nasal cavity?
How many branches does the posterior superior nasal nerve divide into?
How many branches does the posterior superior nasal nerve divide into?
What is the name of the branch of the posterior superior nasal nerve that is closer to the midline?
What is the name of the branch of the posterior superior nasal nerve that is closer to the midline?
What is the location of the posterior superior nasal nerve in relation to the nasal cavity?
What is the location of the posterior superior nasal nerve in relation to the nasal cavity?
What is the primary function of the ganglionic branches?
What is the primary function of the ganglionic branches?
How many ganglionic branches are typically present?
How many ganglionic branches are typically present?
Which of the following is NOT a structure connected by the ganglionic branches?
Which of the following is NOT a structure connected by the ganglionic branches?
What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve?
What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve?
What is the main function of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
What is the main function of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Study Notes
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Communicates with multiple regions through fissures and foramina, including:
- Middle cranial fossa
- Infratemporal fossa
- Floor of the orbit
- Lateral wall of the nasal cavity
- Oropharynx
- Roof of the oral cavity
Palatine Canal
- Divides into greater and lesser palatine canals
- Transmits greater and lesser palatine nerves and accompanying vessels
- These emerge at the greater and lesser palatine foramina to supply the hard palate
Pharyngeal Canal
- Courses posteriorly and medially into the pharynx
- Transmits the pharyngeal artery
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
- Receives connections from the maxillary nerve through ganglionic branches (usually two)
- Supplies the maxillary sinus and posterior ethmoidal air cells through the orbital nerve
- May pass through the posterior ethmoidal foramen to innervate the sphenoid air sinus
Posterior Superior Nasal Nerve
- Enters the back of the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen
- Divides into lateral and medial branches
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