PTEC 203 Assignment 6 - Industrial Hygiene Flashcards

Questions and Answers

[____] is an area of specialization in the field of industrial safety and health that is concerned with predicting, recognizing, assessing, controlling, and preventing environmental stressors in the workplace.

Industrial Hygiene

What are the responsibilities of industrial hygienists according to The Code Ethics of the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene?

Ensure the health of employees, maintain an objective approach, help employees understand precautions, respect employers' honesty, prioritize employee health over employer obligations.

The purpose of [___] is to prevent accidents caused by major releases of highly hazardous chemicals.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Process Safety Standard

In the process industry, chemical hazards typically exist in what forms?

Mists, Vapors, Gases, Dusts, Fumes Signup and view all the answers

[_ _] means a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence that health effects may occur in exposed employees.

health hazard Signup and view all the answers

OSHA defines a [_ _] as a chemical with scientifically valid evidence indicating it is hazardous.

physical hazard Signup and view all the answers

A [ ] is a biological substance that poses a threat to human health.

biological hazard Signup and view all the answers

An [_ _] is a physical factor that harms the musculoskeletal system.

ergonomic hazard Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible physical hazard characteristic of a chemical?

Acute Signup and view all the answers

A bloodborne pathogen can be best defined as?

Microscopic organisms present in human blood that cause serious diseases. Signup and view all the answers

A PEL is?

Permissible Exposure Limit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible route of entry for chemical exposure?

Indigestion Signup and view all the answers

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by which virus?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Signup and view all the answers

Chronic effects of chemical exposure are?

Effects that occur after long-term, multiple exposures. Signup and view all the answers

A [_ ___] is the average exposure to any hazardous contaminant in the workplace over an 8-hour period.

Time Weighted Average Signup and view all the answers

In order to be effective, what must the right PPE for the job do?

It must be worn correctly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible health hazard characteristic of a chemical?

All are possible health hazard characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main types of hazards encountered in the workplace?

Biological, Ergonomic, Chemical, Physical Signup and view all the answers

The Hepatitis B Vaccination has been proven to prevent the disease in what percentage of those receiving the vaccine?

95% Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main ways to control hazards in the workplace?

Engineering controls, Administrative controls, Personal protective equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Employers are responsible for providing?

Supervision, safety training, clean working environment, personal protective equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Employees are responsible for doing?

Operating equipment safely, reporting hazardous conditions, following safety rules, using required PPE. Signup and view all the answers

If injured on the job, what is the first thing an employee should do?

Get first aid. Signup and view all the answers

What are four characteristics of acute effects and exposures?

Sudden, Severe, Involve just one incident, Cause immediate health problems. Signup and view all the answers

The [ ] of a chemical substance is the level to which a worker can be exposed without adverse health effects.

Threshold Limit Value Signup and view all the answers

Acute exposures can result in death.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of chronic effects and exposures?

Continual exposure over time, Limited concentrations of toxic substances, Progressive accumulation, Little or no awareness of exposures. Signup and view all the answers

[_ ] is the acceptable exposure limit to a substance over a short period of time.

short-term exposure limit Signup and view all the answers

[ ] is the minimum dose required to produce a measurable effect.

dose threshold Signup and view all the answers

A ______ of an inhaled substance is the concentration that is highly likely to result in death.

lethal concentration Signup and view all the answers

A [___ _ ___] is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under OSHA regulations.

Permissible Exposure Limit Signup and view all the answers

[____] is the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals.

toxicity Signup and view all the answers

[___ _ ___] describes situations where building occupants experience health effects linked to time spent in a building.

Sick Building Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

[ ] is the process of evaluating scientific evidence to determine if a chemical is hazardous.

hazard determination Signup and view all the answers

[__ _] refer to symptoms produced by substances that will injure a certain part of the body.

target organ Signup and view all the answers

[____] is a substance or agent capable of altering genetic material in a living cell.

mutagen Signup and view all the answers

[_ _] relate to chemicals that affect the dermal layer of the body.

cutaneous hazards Signup and view all the answers

A [____] is any substance that has the potential to cause cancer.

carcinogen Signup and view all the answers

A [____] is a chemical that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in living tissue.

corrosive Signup and view all the answers

A [___] is a chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue.

irritant Signup and view all the answers

A [____] is defined by OSHA as a chemical that causes allergic reactions.

sensitizer Signup and view all the answers

[____] are toxins that destroy red blood cells and cause organ damage.

hemotoxins Signup and view all the answers

[____] are toxic agents that damage the nervous system.

neurotoxins Signup and view all the answers

[____] are toxic agents that damage the kidneys.

nephrotoxins Signup and view all the answers

[____] are toxic agents that damage the liver.

Hepatotoxins Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are bloodborne pathogens except:

Salmonella Signup and view all the answers

What are three chemicals in the Petrochemical industry that are known carcinogens?

Asbestos, Benzene, Chromium Signup and view all the answers

OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard is concerned especially with which of the following pathogen(s)?

HIV, Hep B, Hep C Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the?

liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are potential routes of entry for blood-borne pathogens?

All are potential routes Signup and view all the answers

A means of handling all blood or potentially infectious material as if it were infectious is referred to as _ _.

Universal Precautions Signup and view all the answers

If a co-worker has an injury that causes bleeding, you should?

Immediately contact the proper personnel. Signup and view all the answers

If an exposure incident occurs, what should you do?

Report it to 1st aid/clinic or safety office immediately. Signup and view all the answers

Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted by all the following methods except:

By eating food contaminated by blood Signup and view all the answers

If you're exposed to blood or other bodily fluids during an accident and it splashes on you, you should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

Immediately clean up spill before it spreads Signup and view all the answers

Contaminated clothing should be?

Left in designated laundry container or receptacle. Signup and view all the answers

If you are exposed to potentially infectious materials on the job, you may request a vaccine for which bloodborne disease?

Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Industrial Hygiene Overview

Industrial hygiene focuses on predicting, recognizing, assessing, controlling, and preventing workplace environmental stressors that may cause health issues.
Environmental factors contributing to illness, disease, or impaired health are core concerns.

Responsibilities of Industrial Hygienists

Ensure employee health and safety.
Maintain an objective approach to health hazard management, free from external pressures.
Educate employees on necessary precautions against health problems.
Uphold honesty and transparency regarding industrial hygiene matters.
Prioritize employee health over employer obligations.

Process Safety Standard

Aimed at preventing accidents from major hazardous chemical releases and enhancing process management.

Forms of Chemical Hazards

Common forms of chemical hazards in the process industry include mists, vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes.

Health and Physical Hazards

Health hazards indicate chemicals linked to significant health effects in employees.
Physical hazards include chemicals with combustible, explosive, or reactive properties.

Biological and Ergonomic Hazards

Biological hazards are substances threatening human health, while ergonomic hazards impact the musculoskeletal system.

Chemical Exposure and Routes of Entry

Common routes of chemical exposure: absorption, injection, inhalation; ingestion is not considered a route.
Bloodborne pathogens are microscopic organisms in human blood, often leading to severe diseases.

Exposure Limits

PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) denotes the maximum exposure level to hazardous substances.
TWA (Time Weighted Average) reflects average exposure over an 8-hour workday without adverse health effects.
STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit) signifies safe exposure concentrations for short durations, typically 15 minutes.

Health Effects of Chemical Exposures

Acute effects are sudden, severe, and stem from singular incidents, causing immediate health problems.
Chronic effects result from prolonged exposure, occurring without immediate recognition by affected workers.

Types of Workplace Hazards

Types of workplace hazards: biological, ergonomic, chemical, and physical.
Hematoxins damage blood cells; neurotoxins affect the nervous system; nephrotoxins target kidneys; hepatotoxins impact the liver.

Bloodborne Pathogens

OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard covers HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.
Universal precautions treat all blood and potentially infectious materials as infectious.

Protective Measures and Responsibilities

Employers must provide safety supervision, training, clean environments, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Employees should follow safety procedures, report hazards, and operate equipment safely.

Response to Injuries and Exposures

In case of injury, seek first aid immediately.
Report exposure incidents to safety or medical personnel for appropriate follow-up and care.

Vaccination and Disease Prevention

The Hepatitis B vaccination is 95% effective in preventing the disease.
If exposed to infectious materials, request vaccination against Hepatitis B.

Additional Definitions

Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer; corrosives cause irreversible tissue damage; irritants cause reversible inflammation.
Mutagens alter genetic material; sensitizers trigger allergic reactions with repeated exposure.
Threshold Limit Value indicates safe exposure levels over a worker's lifetime without health detriment.

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Description

Test your knowledge on industrial hygiene with these flashcards. This resource covers key concepts related to environmental stressors in the workplace and their impact on health. Perfect for students in PTEC 203 wanting to solidify their understanding.