BMS Viruses

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Questions and Answers

Which type of virus is primarily associated with dental issues?

Influenza virus

Herpes simplex virus (correct)

Hepatitis B virus

Varicella zoster virus

Which characteristic distinguishes the hepatitis B virus from the herpes virus?

Hepatitis B virus is a double-stranded DNA virus. (correct)

Hepatitis B virus has a filamentous shape.

Hepatitis B virus has an RNA genome.

Hepatitis B virus is a single-stranded RNA virus.

What is the main method through which viruses like HIV infect host cells?

Laying dormant within the host

Directly killing the host cell

Using the host cell's machinery to replicate (correct)

Releasing toxins into the host cells

What is the structure that encapsulates the viral nucleic acid and aids in its protection?

Capsid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viral genome arrangements are found in viruses?

Any combination of RNA or DNA, single or double-stranded Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is NOT commonly relevant to dentistry?

Ebola Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is common to HIV and Hepatitis B virus?

Both can lead to chronic infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which process does NOT describe viral penetration into host cells?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

What does viral tropism refer to?

The virus’s ability to infect specific cells or tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the viruses relevant to dentistry?

They can all cause diseases in humans. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses has a virus type that primarily undergoes fusion for penetration?

HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is the eclipse period in viral infection?

The latency period where no new virions are produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which viral component is critical for adsorption to host cells?

Viral envelope proteins Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the eclipse phase of a viral infection?

Viral nucleic acid becomes free and can be used for mRNA synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viral replication results in the death of the host cell?

Lytic replication Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes persistent infections?

The virus remains in specific cells without excessive damage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes viral latency?

The virus remains dormant within a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are synthesized first during the early steps of viral replication?

Enzymatic proteins Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the host cell can viral assembly occur?

In the nucleus, cytoplasm, or at the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a virus associated with persistent infections?

HIV Signup and view all the answers

What type of viral proteins are structural proteins classified as?

Proteins that form the virus's structure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

RNA vs. DNA Viruses

RNA viruses generally exhibit higher mutation rates than DNA viruses.

Viral Diseases

The provided text mentions several viruses and their associated diseases, but the specific pairings were to be completed in a workbook. Examples of virus families include: Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Togaviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae, and Coronaviridae.

Key Virus Features (HIV, Hepatitis B, Varicella Zoster, Herpes, Influenza)

Details on the symmetry and nucleic acid classification of these viruses were to be completed in a workbook.

Dentally Relevant Viruses

Information on this topic requires completion of a workbook activity.

Viral Tropism

Viral tropism describes a virus's ability to infect specific cells, tissues, or host species. Selectivity is achieved through interactions with host cell receptors.

Viral Replication Stages

Adsorption: Attachment of the virus to host cell receptors.
Penetration: Viral entry into the host cell (endocytosis, fusion, or translocation).
Uncoating/Eclipse: Removal of the viral capsid, releasing the viral genome; a period where the virus isn't detectable.
Transcription: Production of viral mRNA using host cell machinery.
Synthesis of Viral Components: Production of viral proteins and nucleic acids.
Assembly: Formation of new virions.
Release: Release of new virions from the host cell (lytic or lysogenic).

Virus Structure

Viruses consist of a genome (DNA or RNA, but never both), a protein capsid, and sometimes an envelope. They may also contain enzymes. Sizes range from 10-100nm. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, requiring a host cell for replication.

Virus Classification

Viruses are classified based on their symmetry (icosahedral, filamentous, head-tail) and their nucleic acid type (dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA).

Viral Persistence and Latency

Viral Persistence: The virus remains in the host without being cleared, potentially exhibiting periods of both active and inactive infection. Examples include HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesviruses 6 & 7, varicella-zoster virus, human papovaviruses, and hepatitis B virus.
Viral Latency: The virus remains dormant within a cell. This is a type of persistent infection.

Prions

The text mentions prions, but additional information regarding their structural features and relevance was not provided in this section.

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