Psych/Soc 300 Visual Cues Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What visual cues allow us to perceptually organize?

Motion (correct)

Form (correct)

Depth (correct)

Constancy (correct)

Describe retinal disparity.

Eyes are about 2.5 inches apart, allowing humans to get slightly different views of objects, providing an idea of depth.

What is convergence?

Convergence gives humans an idea of depth based on how much the eyeballs are turned.

When are the muscles of the eye relaxed and contracted?

Muscles are relaxed for far away objects and contracted for close objects. Signup and view all the answers

Describe binocular cues.

Binocular cues involve the use of two eyes to receive visual information, which helps in depth perception. Signup and view all the answers

Describe monocular cues.

Monocular cues are visual signals that do not require two eyes to be perceived. Signup and view all the answers

What do monocular cues provide?

Monocular cues provide a sense of form of an object. Signup and view all the answers

What senses of form do monocular cues provide?

Monocular cues provide relative size, interposition, relative height, and shading & contour. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cues allow us to sense motion?

Monocular cues allow us to sense motion. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cues allow us to sense constancy?

Monocular cues allow us to sense constancy. Signup and view all the answers

Describe size constancy.

Size constancy is the perception that objects maintain the same size despite changes in distance. Signup and view all the answers

Describe shape constancy.

Shape constancy is the perception that a changing shape still maintains the same shape perception. Signup and view all the answers

Describe color constancy.

Color constancy is the perception that an object's color remains the same despite changes in lighting. Signup and view all the answers

What is sensory adaptation?

Sensory adaptation refers to our senses being adaptable and changing their sensitivity to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 types of sensory adaptation?

Hearing adaptation, touch, smell, proprioception, and sight. Signup and view all the answers

Describe hearing adaptation.

Hearing adaptation involves inner ear muscles that contract in response to higher noise levels, dampening vibrations and protecting the ear drum. Signup and view all the answers

Describe touch adaptation.

Touch adaptation involves temperature receptors becoming desensitized over time. Signup and view all the answers

Describe smell adaptation.

Smell adaptation involves desensitization of receptors in the nose to sensory information over time. Signup and view all the answers

Describe proprioception in terms of sensory adaptation.

Proprioception is the sense of body position in space, which can be altered by experiences like wearing upside-down goggles. Signup and view all the answers

Describe sight adaptation.

Sight adaptation involves down regulation and up regulation to light intensity, adjusting the pupils and sensitivity of rods and cones. Signup and view all the answers

What is Weber's Law?

Weber's Law states that the threshold for noticing a change in sensation is the just noticeable difference (JND). Signup and view all the answers

What is the absolute threshold of sensation?

The absolute threshold of sensation is the minimum intensity of a stimulus needed to detect it 50% of the time. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Visual Cues

Visual cues assist in perceptual organization by utilizing depth, form, motion, and constancy.

Retinal Disparity

Human eyes are approximately 2.5 inches apart, providing slightly different views of objects, which aids depth perception.

Convergence

Convergence refers to the inward turning of the eyes, giving a sense of depth based on the angle at which the eyeballs are turned.

Eye Muscle Functionality

Eye muscles are relaxed for distant objects and contracted for nearby objects, adjusting focus accordingly.

Binocular Cues

The use of both eyes enables the reception of visual cues from the environment, essential for depth perception.

Monocular Cues

Monocular cues allow perception without the need for both eyes, providing information on depth and form.

Form Perception Through Monocular Cues

Monocular cues yield insights into the form of an object, aiding in its identification.

Senses of Form from Monocular Cues

Relative size indicates that closer objects appear larger.
Interposition (overlap) suggests that objects blocking others are perceived as closer.
Relative height implies that higher objects seem further away.
Shading and contour utilize light and shadows to reveal depth and shape.

Motion Perception Through Monocular Cues

Motion parallax is a monocular cue where distant objects appear to move slower compared to closer objects.

Constancy Perception Through Monocular Cues

Monocular cues maintain the consistency of perceived objects despite changes in the image cast on the retina, including size, shape, and color constancy.

Size Constancy

Objects that appear larger due to proximity are still perceived as the same size.

Shape Constancy

Perception of an object’s shape remains constant even when viewed at different angles.

Color Constancy

Changes in lighting do not alter the perceived color of an object, which remains consistent in the observer's mind.

Sensory Adaptation

Sensory adaptation describes the ability of senses to adjust their sensitivity to stimuli over time.

Types of Sensory Adaptation

Hearing adaptation
Touch adaptation
Smell adaptation
Proprioception adaptation
Sight adaptation

Hearing Adaptation

Increases in noise prompt inner ear muscles to contract, protecting the eardrum but taking several seconds to activate; ineffective for sudden loud noises.

Touch Adaptation

Receptors for temperature become desensitized with prolonged exposure.

Smell Adaptation

Receptors in the nose become desensitized to specific molecules over time.

Proprioception Adaptation

Refers to the awareness of body position in space; can be altered by visual changes, as demonstrated in experiments using upside-down goggles.

Sight Adaptation

Adjustments include down regulation in bright light, causing pupils to constrict and receptors to desensitize, and up regulation in darkness, resulting in pupil dilation and increased sensitivity in rods and cones.

Weber's Law

Describes the just noticeable difference (JND) in sensations, indicating that changes in stimulus intensity can be calculated by the formula: ΔI/I = k (constant), where ΔI is the change in intensity.

Absolute Threshold of Sensation

Defined as the minimum intensity required to detect a stimulus 50% of the time, establishing a baseline for sensory perception.

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Description

This quiz explores essential concepts in psychology and sociology related to visual perception. It includes definitions and explanations of key terms like depth, retinal disparity, and convergence. Test your knowledge on how visual cues contribute to our perception of the world around us.