Psychotherapy Practicum Week 1: CBT Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary goals of the practicum course in cognitive behavioral therapy?

To deepen theoretical understanding of psychological interventions and acquire basic skills for applying theory in practice.

What are the main components of the course structure described in the document?

Theory discussion, reflection on intervention techniques, practical exercises, homework assignments, and a literature exam.

List two techniques that students will learn to apply during the course.

Exposure and behavioral activation.

What is the significance of literature discussion in the course?

<p>It facilitates understanding and analysis of intervention techniques based on research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How will homework assignments impact students' evaluations?

<p>Late submission leads to a failing grade and requires a replacement task; assignments are crucial for passing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of presence in all class sessions.

<p>Attendance is mandatory; absence necessitates a replacement task, affecting overall evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the grading breakdown for the final score in this course?

<p>The literature exam accounts for 50%, and two graded assignments together account for the remaining 50%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of interoceptive exposure in addressing panic attacks?

<p>The main objective is to expose clients to bodily sensations without avoidance, allowing them to confront and decrease their fear of these sensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skills are expected to be developed through the assignment of challenging dysfunctional cognitions?

<p>The ability to effectively question and challenge dysfunctional thoughts in a therapeutic context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the cognitive model contribute to understanding panic attacks?

<p>The cognitive model helps to dissect panic attacks into physical sensations, cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, illustrating how these elements interact in a cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two effects of interoceptive exposure on clients experiencing panic attacks.

<p>Two effects are cognitive falsification, where feared consequences do not occur, and habituation, which reduces fear of bodily sensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraindications should a clinician be aware of before proceeding with interoceptive exposure?

<p>Clinicians should be cautious with clients who have COPD, pregnancy, heart failure, or potential thyroid issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does challenging cognitions play in the treatment of panic attacks?

<p>Challenging cognitions helps clients to test the validity of their fears and reduces their overall anxiety about panic symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the cognitive-behavioral model in therapy?

<p>The primary focus is on the interaction between situations, thoughts, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the empirical cycle, what is the first step following problem formulation?

<p>The first step is observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the scientist-practitioner model guide clinical interventions?

<p>It applies interventions based on knowledge of the etiology of disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to discuss the rationale of a treatment with a client before starting an intervention?

<p>It ensures the client understands the purpose and is engaged in the treatment process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two analyses are included in the etiological model when assessing a client's problem?

<p>The analyses are meaning analysis and function analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of interoceptive exposure, and in which type of disorder is it commonly used?

<p>The goal is to reduce fear of bodily sensations, commonly used in panic disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can clients be effectively involved in understanding their treatment models during therapy?

<p>Clients should be encouraged to discover the model themselves through dialogue and asking questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of formulating a treatment plan in the empirical cycle?

<p>It provides a structured approach for implementing therapeutic interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Course Objective

This course deepens the theoretical understanding of psychological interventions and equips students with practical skills for applying it.

Course Structure

This course involves discussing literature, reflecting on techniques, practicing skills, doing homework assignments, and a literature exam.

Intervention Content

This course involves in-depth discussion and analysis of various psychological interventions used to address different types of mental health issues. This includes understanding the rationale behind these interventions, their application, and their effectiveness.

Independent Learning

In this course, students independently apply the empirical cycle, develop meaning and function analyses, practice exposure techniques, and learn to challenge and analyze dysfunctional thoughts.

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Course Schedule

The course utilizes a format where one day of classroom instruction is provided each week, with a morning session dedicated to theoretical discussion and afternoon sessions reserved for practical application and skill building.

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Homework Submissions

Students are required to submit homework assignments via email to their instructor within deadlines outlined in the course materials.

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Assessment Method

Students' performance is assessed through a combination of a literature exam and two graded assignments. Attendance at all sessions is mandatory and any absence must be addressed through alternative assignments.

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Grading Breakdown

The literature exam contributes 50% to the final grade, while the two graded assignments collectively contribute the remaining 50%

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Instantenous holding model of panic

A model of panic that emphasizes the role of physical sensations in triggering anxiety and avoidance behaviors. The cycle starts with physical sensations, which are interpreted as dangerous, leading to fear, avoidance, and eventually reinforcement of the cycle.

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Rationale Interoceptive Exposure

A therapeutic approach that involves exposing clients to their feared physical sensations in a safe and controlled environment, allowing them to challenge their fear, reduce anxiety, and desensitize themselves to the sensations.

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The cognitive component of rationale interoceptive exposure

A key element of rationale interoceptive exposure where the client's cognitions about the physical sensations during a panic attack are explored and challenged. The goal is to reframe the interpretation of the sensations, reducing their perceived danger and helping the client to confront their fears.

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Exposure to feared sensations

The process of repeated exposure to feared sensations, allowing the client to observe that the feared consequences do not occur and gradually reducing the fear response. This includes engaging in activities that evoke feared sensations in a safe and controlled environment.

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Interoception

The ability to recognize and understand one's own internal bodily sensations. This is an essential part of rationale interoceptive exposure and helps clients to learn to differentiate between anxiety symptoms and other physical sensations.

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Cognitive Behavioral Model

A model that focuses on understanding and changing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors related to a specific situation. It involves interventions targeting these components, aiming to improve outcomes.

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Empirical Cycle

This cycle outlines the steps of scientific research and how they apply to clinical practice. It involves problem identification, observation, theory development, prediction, testing, and evaluation.

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Scientist Practitioner Model

This approach emphasizes using scientific evidence to inform clinical interventions. It involves understanding the causes of disorders, using empirical cycles for treatment planning, and employing evidence-based interventions.

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Rationale for Intervention

Discussing the rationale for an intervention with the client ensures they understand the treatment approach. This promotes active participation and collaboration.

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Rationale: Parts

Explaining the origins and maintenance of the problem by using two key concepts: Etiological model explains how the problem arose, whilst the change model explains the chosen intervention. The rationale serves a critical role in client understanding and engagement.

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Explaining Rationale effectively

Instead of simply explaining the rationale, engage the client in a Socratic dialogue where they explore the model themselves through their own examples and questions. This promotes active learning and understanding.

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Interoceptive Exposure

This technique is used to address anxiety disorders by exposing clients to physical sensations associated with anxiety. It helps them to learn that these sensations are not dangerous and that they can cope with them.

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Interoceptive Exposure Rationale Disclosure

Clients need to understand the rationale for interoceptive exposure, including its goals and the process. They should also be informed about potential sensations and challenges.

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Study Notes

Practicum Psychotherapie

  • Course focus is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Week 1 topics include rationale, interoceptive exposure, breathing, and relaxation techniques.

Course Objectives

  • Deepen understanding of theoretical background of psychological interventions
  • Develop basic skills for applying theories in practice

Learning Objectives

  • Summarize and analyze material, assessed through exams
  • Demonstrate knowledge of interventions for various psychological conditions (lectures and Canvas articles)
  • Develop critical thinking skills, assessed through assignments and exams
  • Apply empirical method in practice
  • Analyze and interpret behaviors
  • Apply and understand exposure therapy
  • Apply and understand behavioral activation therapy
  • Challenge dysfunctional cognitive patterns
  • Explain rationale for interventions

Course Components

  • Discussion of relevant literature
  • Reflection on intervention techniques
  • Practice and application of intervention techniques
  • Homework assignments
  • Exam on literature

Course Structure

  • One day of lectures per week
  • Morning session: theory review (prior reading is crucial), reflection/demonstration of intervention techniques
  • Afternoon session: practical application of intervention techniques (2 hours), role-playing (preparation needed, reference Canvas), feedback session (1 hour)

Homework Assignments

  • Instructions are available on Canvas
  • Deadlines are detailed in the course materials (handouts/Canvas)
  • Submit assignments via email to the instructor
  • Two assignments carry a grade; late submission receives a failing grade plus a resubmission
  • Assignments are graded based on completeness and timeliness. Resubmission is permissible.

Grading

  • Attendance at all sessions is mandatory
  • Absence results in a make-up task
  • All assignments will be evaluated and graded ('met cijfer' = with a numerical grade, 'voldaan' = satisfactory)
  • Literature exam accounts for 50% of the final grade
  • Two graded homework assignments contribute 50% (25% each) to the final grade

Cognitive Behavioral Model

  • Depicts a cyclical interplay between situations, thoughts, behaviors, and feelings
  • Interventions focus on specific phases (e.g., thoughts, behaviors)
  • The model is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of behavior, thoughts and emotions

Empirical Cycle

  • Focuses on scientific investigation of problems and interventions
  • Interconnects theoretical frameworks with the practical application in clinical settings
  • Key elements include problem identification, observation, hypothesis formulation, testing, and evaluation

Scientist-Practitioner Model

  • Emphasizes the integration of scientific knowledge with practical clinical skills.
  • Utilizing scientifically proven methods while understanding individual client needs
  • Evidence-based interventions should be employed

Rationale (Discussion)

  • This section addresses the significance of discussing rationales with the client before implementing intervention strategies.

Rationale (Components)

  • Addresses the theoretical basis, including etiology or causes and factors keeping the issue in place
  • How to approach the issue
  • Setting clear expectations for treatment

Rationale (Explaining)

  • Involve the client actively in understanding the model and their own situations
  • Use relatable examples from the client's experiences
  • Pose critical questions to encourage deeper understanding

Rationale Interoceptive Exposure

  • Questions to address the application of interoceptive exposure
  • The aim(s) of interoceptive exposure
  • Process during interoceptive exposures
  • Information necessary to understand the rationale behind interoceptive exposure

Panic Maintenance Model

  • Demonstrates the circular relationship between physical sensations and anxious thoughts, leading to avoidance behaviors.

Rationale Interoceptive Exposure: Steps

  • Clinical evaluation determining the applicability and effectiveness of interoceptive exposure in the given clinical circumstance
  • Outline and delineate steps of the procedure
  • Analysis of behaviors, cognitions, and emotions
  • Identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts/beliefs

Rationale Interoceptive Exposure: Conclusion

  • The technique of gradual exposure to physical sensations (avoidance)
  • Reduced anxiety and avoidance related to feared physical sensations
  • Potential factors that may preclude application of interoceptive exposure (i.e. contraindications)

Preparation for Afternoon Session

  • Ensure sufficient space for recording sessions
  • Review provided materials to prepare for role-playing activities
  • Timely attendance for sessions, 5 minutes prior to the start
  • Complete or review the week's feedback materials
  • Coordinate stage activities/arrangements

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Practicum Psychotherapie: Basis Cognitieve Gedragstherapie, Week 1 PDF

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