22 Questions
Gerardo Lanuza's analogy of a stage in social encounters is related to which concept?
Dramaturgy
According to Erving Goffman, what is the main purpose of impression management?
To control how one is perceived by others
Which term best describes the idea that self-identity continuously changes due to the demands of performance?
Fluid identity theory
What did Jean Baudrillard believe was a major influence on social life in modern society?
Technological advancements
How does Gerardo Lanuza view social encounters in relation to the self?
As freely chosen and constantly evolving
What role does machinery play in the relationship with consumption in modern society?
Limits the close relationship with consumption
According to David Lester, how does the self develop?
From interactions with multiple significant people
In Donald Woods Winnicott's True and False Self theory, what does the False Self protect?
The True Self
According to Albert Bandura, what does self-reflectiveness enable an individual to do?
Reflect on their actions and experiences
How does Rogers conceptualize the self?
Flexible and changing
What are the main agentic features identified by David Lester?
Intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness & self-reflectiveness
What feature does Albert Bandura associate with individuals in his theory of self?
Proactive agents of experiences
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the self in Buddhism?
Anima
What did Erik Erikson add to Freudian theory?
Stages of Psychosocial Development
Which philosopher is associated with the belief that there is no permanent self and everything is impermanent?
Siddharta Gautama (Buddha)
In Hinduism, which of the following is considered the most important doctrine?
The Law of Karma
Which philosophical perspective emphasizes individualism and scientific investigation methods?
Empiricism
Taoism believes in simplicity, spontaneity, and harmony with nature because:
The self is an extension of the cosmos
Which of the following characteristics is associated with Western philosophical thought?
'Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself'
'The goal of a man is to have knowledge of the true reality' aligns with which philosophical tradition?
'Physical Self' in Confucianism
'There is no self (soul)' is a belief associated with which philosophical tradition?
'Buddhism'
'Elizabeth B.'s text primarily discusses the differences between which two perspectives?'
'Western and Eastern'
Study Notes
The Self in Psychology
- The self can be viewed as multiple or unified, and can change depending on situations.
- Self-understanding in adolescents includes perception of personal identity and coping with different selves.
David Lester's Multiple vs Unified Self
- David Lester defined the self as a flexible and changing conceptualization.
- The self develops from interactions with significant people and awareness of personal identity.
Rogers' Self-Concept
- Carl Rogers defined the self as a flexible and changing conceptualization.
- Self develops from interactions with significant people and awareness of personal identity.
True and False Self
- Donald Woods Winnicott's True Self refers to the authentic self.
- The False Self protects the True Self and varies across different roles and situations.
Agentic Features
- Main agentic features include intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness.
- Intentionality enables the person to make choices and take actions.
- Forethought enables the person to make choices and regulate their actions.
- Self-reflectiveness gives the person the ability to reflect on their actions.
Albert Bandura's Proactive View
- People are viewed as proactive agents of their experiences.
- Self-reactiveness enables the person to reflect on their actions and environment.
Erving Goffman's Dramaturgy
- Erving Goffman's dramaturgy views social encounters as a stage, where individuals present themselves to others.
- Impression management is used to control the impression given to others.
The Self in Post-Modern Society
- Gerardo Lanuza suggests that self-identity is freely chosen and no longer restricted by social contexts.
- The self continuously changes due to demands of performance and social contexts.
Key Characteristics of Modernity
- Industrialism: extensive use of material power and technology.
- Institutions of Surveillance: massive increase in power and control.
- Capitalism: major guru of French postmodern theory, believes that individuals achieve self-identity through consumption.
Jean Baudrillard's Postmodern Theory
- Believes that individuals achieve self-identity through consumption and power.
- Renowned for his unique perspectives on the impact of technology on social life.
The Self as the Central Archetype
- The self continues to develop throughout life.
- Psychosexual stages of development include oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages.
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development
- Infant: trust vs mistrust.
- Early childhood: autonomy vs shame and doubt.
- Preschool: initiative vs guilt.
- School age: industry vs inferiority.
- Adolescence: identity vs role confusion.
- Maturity: ego integrity vs despair.
Western vs Eastern Perspective
- Western thoughts emphasize individualism, scientific methods, and theories of self.
- Eastern thoughts emphasize duty towards others, impermanence, and interconnectedness.
Eastern Thoughts
- Buddhism: emphasizes the importance of impermanence and the concept of "no self".
- Hinduism: emphasizes the concept of karma, the law of cause and effect.
- Taoism: emphasizes simplicity, spontaneity, and harmony with nature.
- Confucianism: emphasizes the importance of social relationships and the Golden Rule.
Explore Freud's theory of psychosexual development which outlines distinct stages from oral to phallic, each with its own challenges and outcomes. Learn about the structure of personality and the key concepts like ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious.
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