Psychosexual Development and Personality Theory

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the personality is focused on reality and mediates between the id and the superego?

Latency

Ego (correct)

Genital

In Freud's theory, which part of the personality represents morality and judgment?

Libido

Latency

Genital

Superego (correct)

What does the id primarily consist of according to Freud's theory?

Social norms

Instincts (correct)

Reinforcement

Observational learning

According to Social Learning Theory, what motivates children to continue a behavior?

Positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory sees the re-emergence of libido towards peers of the other sex?

Genital Signup and view all the answers

How are gender behaviors primarily learned according to Social Learning Theory?

Observational learning Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, which of the following represents the unconscious reservoir of psychic energy and basic drives?

Id Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the personality, in Freud's theory, acts as the moral conscience and strives for perfection?

Superego Signup and view all the answers

According to social learning theory, which of the following is the primary way in which children acquire gender roles and behaviors?

Through observational learning and modeling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories suggests that gender differences are primarily due to biological factors, such as hormones and brain structure?

Biological theories Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's theory, the component of personality that mediates between the id and the superego, and operates according to the reality principle, is the:

Ego Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as gender schemas and gender constancy, in the development of gender identity and gender-typed behavior?

Cognitive-developmental theory Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the key difference between the deterministic approach and the biosocial approach to gender?

The deterministic approach believes that gender is entirely biologically determined, while the biosocial approach believes that both biology and social factors play a role. Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the role of the brain hemispheres in gender differences?

Women use both brain hemispheres for language tasks, while men only use the left hemisphere. Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the role of chromosomes in gender?

Both b and c are correct. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the key aspect of Gender Schema Theory?

Gender-associated information is predominantly transmuted through society by way of schemata, or networks of information that allow for some information to be more easily assimilated than others. Signup and view all the answers

How does the passage describe the role of hormones in gender development?

Prenatal exposure to hormones in the womb, determined by chromosomes, plays a key role in gender development. Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the role of parental and social labeling in gender development?

Parental and social labeling of a child based on their genitals interacts with biological factors to steer gender development. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Freud's Personality Structure

The ego mediates between the id and the superego, focusing on reality.
The superego represents morality and judgment, guiding ethical considerations.
The id consists primarily of unconscious desires and basic drives, operating on the pleasure principle.
The ego operates according to the reality principle, balancing immediate desires with societal expectations.

Development Theories

Social Learning Theory posits that children are motivated to continue behaviors through reinforcement and observation of others.
Freud’s theory suggests the latency stage of psychosexual development sees the re-emergence of libido towards peers of the other sex.
Gender behaviors are learned primarily through observation, imitation, and reinforcement of gender-specific behaviors.

Theories of Gender Differences

The id in Freud's psychosexual theory is the unconscious reservoir of psychic energy and basic drives.
The superego acts as the moral conscience, striving for perfection and societal approval.
Children acquire gender roles primarily through modeling and social reinforcement, as noted in Social Learning Theory.
The biosocial approach suggests that gender differences are influenced by biological factors, such as hormones and brain structure.

Gender Development Factors

Gender Schema Theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in developing gender identity and gender-typed behavior, including the development of gender schemas.
The deterministic approach contrasts with the biosocial approach by suggesting that behaviors are predetermined rather than influenced by biological factors.
The passage highlights that brain hemispheres might play a role in gender differences, although specifics can vary.
Chromosomes contribute to gender through hereditary genetic information, determining biological sex.
Key aspects of Gender Schema Theory involve how children internalize gender norms and expectations.
Hormones significantly influence gender development by impacting behavior and physical development.
Parental and social labeling help shape children's understanding and adherence to gender roles.

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Description

Explore key concepts in psychosexual development and personality theory, including stages of development and components of personality like id, ego, and superego.