Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the theory that explains schizophrenia?
What is the name of the theory that explains schizophrenia?
Dopaminergic theory of Schizophrenia
What is the name of the theory that explains mood disorders?
What is the name of the theory that explains mood disorders?
Monoaminergic theory of Mood Disorders
What are psychotropic medications?
What are psychotropic medications?
Medications that affects psychic function, behavior or experience
What is a neurotransmitter?
What is a neurotransmitter?
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What is a receptor?
What is a receptor?
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Which of these types of psychotropic drugs are divided into typicals and atypicals?
Which of these types of psychotropic drugs are divided into typicals and atypicals?
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What are the two main types of antipsychotics?
What are the two main types of antipsychotics?
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Antipsychotics are effective in treating psychotic symptoms immediately after starting the medications.
Antipsychotics are effective in treating psychotic symptoms immediately after starting the medications.
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What are antipsychotic drugs also called?
What are antipsychotic drugs also called?
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Antipsychotics are only used to treat schizophrenia.
Antipsychotics are only used to treat schizophrenia.
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What is the name of the antipsychotic drug that is known for its potentially fatal side effects?
What is the name of the antipsychotic drug that is known for its potentially fatal side effects?
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What is the name of the long-acting form of risperidone?
What is the name of the long-acting form of risperidone?
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Which of these antipsychotics is associated with weight gain?
Which of these antipsychotics is associated with weight gain?
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Which drug is contraindicated for a patient with pre-existing heart disease?
Which drug is contraindicated for a patient with pre-existing heart disease?
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What are extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
What are extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
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Tardive dyskinesia is reversible.
Tardive dyskinesia is reversible.
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What type of medicine is used to treat EPS?
What type of medicine is used to treat EPS?
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Which of these are typical antipsychotics? (Select all that apply)
Which of these are typical antipsychotics? (Select all that apply)
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What is the primary action of typical antipsychotics?
What is the primary action of typical antipsychotics?
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Newer drugs are more likely to cause EPS.
Newer drugs are more likely to cause EPS.
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Traditional antipsychotics are helpful with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Traditional antipsychotics are helpful with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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What is the name of the scale used to assess for tardive dyskinesia?
What is the name of the scale used to assess for tardive dyskinesia?
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What is the main neurotransmitter on which atypical antipsychotics preferentially act?
What is the main neurotransmitter on which atypical antipsychotics preferentially act?
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Atypical antipsychotics can only treat positive symptoms of Schizophrenia.
Atypical antipsychotics can only treat positive symptoms of Schizophrenia.
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What is the name of the classification of drugs that help prevent and treat manic episodes?
What is the name of the classification of drugs that help prevent and treat manic episodes?
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Which of the following are potential side effects of Lithium? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are potential side effects of Lithium? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following medications is an anticonvulsant? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following medications is an anticonvulsant? (Select all that apply)
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What type of drugs help alleviate symptoms associated with depression?
What type of drugs help alleviate symptoms associated with depression?
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MAOIs are known to have fewer interactions with other medications compared to other antidepressants.
MAOIs are known to have fewer interactions with other medications compared to other antidepressants.
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Antidepressants have immediate effects on mood.
Antidepressants have immediate effects on mood.
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Which of these are potential side effects of antidepressants? (Select all that apply)
Which of these are potential side effects of antidepressants? (Select all that apply)
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All antidepressants have the same side effects.
All antidepressants have the same side effects.
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What drugs elevate mood and alleviate depression symptoms?
What drugs elevate mood and alleviate depression symptoms?
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People on antipsychotics should have their WBCs measured monthly.
People on antipsychotics should have their WBCs measured monthly.
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What are the 3 main categories of mood stabilizing agents?
What are the 3 main categories of mood stabilizing agents?
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What is the name of the classification of drugs used to treat anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms?
What is the name of the classification of drugs used to treat anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms?
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Benzodiazepines are safe to use long-term.
Benzodiazepines are safe to use long-term.
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Antianxiety agents are only used for anxiety disorders.
Antianxiety agents are only used for anxiety disorders.
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What is the name of the classification of drugs used to treat insomnia?
What is the name of the classification of drugs used to treat insomnia?
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Which of the following are examples of sedative hypnotics? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are examples of sedative hypnotics? (Select all that apply)
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What is the name of the drugs used to treat ADHD?
What is the name of the drugs used to treat ADHD?
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Agents for ADHD are only used for children.
Agents for ADHD are only used for children.
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Agents for ADHD only have positive side effects?
Agents for ADHD only have positive side effects?
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Which of the following are examples of agents for ADHD? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are examples of agents for ADHD? (Select all that apply)
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What are examples of nursing responsibilities when treating patients with psychotropic medications? (Select all that apply)
What are examples of nursing responsibilities when treating patients with psychotropic medications? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Psychopharmacology
- The presentation focused on psychopharmacology, specifically psychotropic medications.
- Objectives included classifying psychotropic medications, understanding their mechanisms of action, selecting medications rationally, recognizing adverse effects, and managing treatment failures.
- Principles of prescribing psychotropic medications: Focus is on target symptoms, not every drug affects every symptom, all drugs have side effects, and black box warnings need careful attention.
- Psychopharmacologic drugs work across a spectrum, encompassing antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics/sedatives, and other types.
- Theoretical underpinnings include dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia and monoaminergic theory of mood disorders.
- Psychotropic medications: Affect psychic function, behavior, or experience.
- Neurotransmitters: Chemicals stored in axon terminals influencing neural function.
- Receptors: Molecules on cell membranes that bind neurotransmitters.
- Various antipsychotic drugs were listed, including types and their average daily dosages, some with longer acting versions. Different forms and names of the same drug were mentioned.
- Indications and effectiveness for antipsychotics were described, their use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and the reoccurrence of symptoms.
- Antipsychotic classifications included typical and atypical classifications, based on mechanisms and impact on positive/negative symptoms.
- Antipsychotic side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, oculogyric crisis and tardive dyskinesia along with others like neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hyperglycemia and diabetes, as well as other side effects like anticholinergic effects, and more.
- Specific examples of side effects, such as the potential for weight gain and conditions like agranulocytosis, were noted.
- Specific aspects of treatment response were raised (e.g., duration for significant effect), as well as possible management of weight gain.
- Detailed descriptions of various mood stabilizing agents, their indications and side effects were covered.
- Important information related to drugs and their side effects were reviewed, including adverse effects related to receptor occupancy, and drug classes like anti-anxiety agents and sedative hypnotics.
- Newer trends in treatments for ADHD were noted.
- Also, essential nursing responsibilities concerning psychotropic drugs were listed, including assessing for expected/unexpected effects, assessing for co-morbidities, and monitoring therapeutic drug levels.
Specific Drug Classes and Examples
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Antipsychotics: Wide range of classifications, dosages.
- Examples: Haldol, Prolixin Deconate, Thorazine, Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Clozapine, Ziprasidone, Aripiprazole.
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Mood Stabilizing Agents: Various classifications and examples cited in relation to bipolar, depression and other targets.
- Examples: Lithium carbonate, Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid, Verapamil.
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Antidepressants: Tricyclic, SSRI's, MAOI's, and others
- Examples: Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Isocarboxazid, Bupropion.
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Sedative Hypnotics:
- Examples: Amobarbital, Lorazepam, Zolpidem, Estazolam.
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ADHD Agents:
- Examples: Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, Pemoline.
Additional Notes
- Several slides provide details on adverse effects and potential interactions with other medications or conditions.
- Some slides summarize specific considerations for drug selection, especially for clients with pre-existing medical conditions.
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Description
This quiz delves into the essential aspects of psychopharmacology, focusing on psychotropic medications and their classifications. Understand the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and principles of prescribing these medications. Gain insights into important theoretical frameworks and the role of neurotransmitters in mental health treatment.
