Psychopathology Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Normal/abnormal refer to ____ while adaptive/maladaptive refer to ____

  • Statistical deviance, effectiveness (correct)
  • Effectiveness, statistical deviance
  • Functioning, psychopathology
  • Psychopathology, functioning

    • Which conception of psychopathology involves determining psychopathology only by involuntary behavior?

  • Statistical deviance
  • Social deviance
  • DSM/ICD
  • Harmful dysfunction
  • Dyscontrol or dysregulation (correct)

    • Which conception of psychopathology involves creation of a taxonomy?

  • Social deviance
  • Statistical deviance
  • Harmful dysfunction
  • DSM/ICD (correct)
  • Dyscontrol or dysregulation

    • Which conception of psychopathology involves determining psychopathology by measuring deviance from the norm?

    <p>Statistical deviance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a major difference between the social deviance vs. statistical abnormality conceptualizations of psychopathology?

    <p>Social deviance uses cultural rules, while statistical abnormality uses tests and measures to determine psychopathology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conception of psychopathology involves in a way based upon evolution?

    <p>Harmful dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The notion that development consists of a set of interrelated domains that exert transactional effects refers to:

    <p>Holism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dynamics transactions that occur among developing systems cuts across developmental systems and affects the course of development refers to:

    <p>Developmental cascades (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multifinality refers to:

    <p>individuals may begin at a common starting point but the resultant pathways from that origin may diverge to other outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is FALSE about developmental psychopathology?

    <p>Developmental psychopathology is the single theory that can best explain the diverse nature of psychopathology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comorbidity refers to:

    <p>The co-existence of two or more disorders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With development, children's behavior becomes more flexible with increased organization and differentiation refers to:

    <p>Differentiation of modes and goals (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Earlier, more undifferentiated forms of behavior become hierarchically integrated into later forms of behavior refers to:

    <p>Mobility of behavioral function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The notion that children are active shapers of their environment and not passive recipients of experience refers to:

    <p>Directedness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroimaging approach involves measuring changes in magnetic field properties due to oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood?

    <p>functional magnetic resonance imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proportion of the variability in psychological symptoms or traits that can be attributed to genetic variability refers to:

    <p>Heritability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This neurotransmitter is especially involved in reward and reinforcement, motor function, and cognition and attention.

    <p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This neurotransmitter is involved in attention and memory

    <p>Serotonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroimaging approach involves radioactively labeled substances being introduced into the bloodstream, where they are taken up into the brain?

    <p>Positive emission tomography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is important in emotion processing?

    <p>Right hemisphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This neurotransmitter is associated with behavioral and emotional regulation

    <p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain

    <p>Glutamate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This neurotransmitter is involved in the flight or fight response

    <p>Epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This refers to a cluster or group of co-occurring symptoms that represents a cultural pattern of distress.

    <p>Cultural syndromes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This involves an explanatory model of distress focused on specific causal factors rather than on a core of symptoms or experiences.

    <p>Cultural explanation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT one of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys?

    <p>Adult psychiatric morbidity study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder or phenomenon involves trembling, attacks of crying, screaming uncontrollably, and verbal or physical aggression?

    <p>Ataques de nervios (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder or phenomenon involves criticism, hostility, and emotional involvement?

    <p>Expressed emotion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This refers to ways of talking about suffering that are not associated with a core set of syndromes or causes.

    <p>Cultural idioms of distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about misdiagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is more likely to occur for males (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is when a test item has different measurement properties for different groups.

    <p>Differential item functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Men are more likely to ____ while women are more likely to___

    <p>delay seeking treatment; seek treatment in general (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This occurs when masculine or feminine persons are more likely to endorse an item

    <p>Differential item functioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generally speaking, when are clinicians more accurate in making a diagnosis?

    <p>When the gender and race of the case are the same as those of the clinician (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about misdiagnosis of schizophrenia?

    <p>Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than White patients to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia when symptoms suggest psychotic affective disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between the DSM and ICD?

    <p>The ICD has a research and a clinican version, while the DSM has only one version. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current focus of the DSM 5?

    <p>Neurobiological (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is excluded from the DSM-IV-TR?

    <p>Treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current version of the DSM?

    <p>V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a less-efffective therapy as a control condition is an example of what type of control?

    <p>Waitlist control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research investigates variables such as therapist behaviors and interactions with the client?

    <p>Process research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not true about a waiting list control?

    <p>Clients do not receive treatment at all (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major difference between probably efficacious and efficacious ESTs?

    <p>More than one research group has validated the treatment in efficacious ESTs, while only one group is needed for probably-efficacious ESTs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to comparing effectiveness of a therapy to other published measures?

    <p>Benchmarking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Question 1: Normal/Abnormal and Adaptive/Maladaptive

    • Normal/abnormal refers to statistical deviance while adaptive/maladaptive refers to effectiveness/functioning.

    Question 2: Conceiving Psychopathology

    • Determining psychopathology solely through involuntary behavior is the dyscontrol/dysregulation approach.

    Question 3: Taxonomy in Psychopathology

    • The DSM/ICD approach creates a taxonomy for psychopathology.

    Question 4: Determining Psychopathology via Measurement

    • Psychopathology is determined through measurement of deviation from the norm (statistical deviance).

    Question 5: Social Deviance vs. Statistical Deviance

    • Social deviance utilizes cultural rules to assess psychopathology, whereas statistical abnormality uses tests and measures.

    Question 6: Psychopathology Based Upon Evolution

    • Harmful dysfunction is a psychopathology approach based on an evolutionary perspective.

    Question 7: Interrelated Domains of Development

    • Development involves interrelated domains with transactional effects.

    Question 8: Dynamics of Transactions in Development

    • Developmental cascades refer to the dynamics among developing systems.

    Question 9: Multifinality

    • Multifinality signifies multiple pathways leading to a single outcome.

    Question 10: Developmental Psychopathology

    • To understand psychopathology, multiple levels of analysis need to be integrated.

    Question 11: Comorbidity

    • Comorbidity refers to the coexistence of two or more disorders.

    Question 12: Equifinality

    • Equifinality means multiple pathways can lead to the same outcome.

    Question 13: Behavioral Flexibility and Development

    • Increased organization and differentiation of behavior imply more flexible development.

    Question 14: Hierarchical Integration in Behavior

    • Earlier behaviors become integrated into later and more complex functions.

    Question 15: Active Shapers of Environment

    • Children actively shape their environment, not passively receive.

    Question 16: Neuroimaging Approach

    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures changes in magnetic fields linked to blood oxygenation.

    Question 17: Heritability

    • Heritability describes the proportion of variability attributable to genetic factors.

    Question 18: Neurotransmitter Function

    • Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain.

    Question 19: Neurotransmitter Function

    • Acetylcholine is associated with attention and memory.

    Question 20: Neuroimaging Approach

    • Positive emission tomography (PET) uses radioactively labeled substances to assess brain activity.

    Question 21: Emotion Processing

    • The right hemisphere of the brain is crucial in emotion processing.

    Question 22: Behavioral and Emotional Regulation

    • Dopamine is associated with behavioral and emotional regulation.

    Question 23: ExcitatoryNeurotransmitter

    • Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain.

    Question 24: Flight or Fight Response

    • Epinephrine is associated with the flight or fight response.

    Question 25: Cultural Patterns of Distress

    • Cultural syndromes represent clusters of related symptoms in a specific culture.

    Question 26: Explanatory Models of Distress

    • Cultural idioms of distress explain suffering using cultural explanations.

    Question 27: Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys

    • The National Comorbidity Study is a collaborative study.

    Question 28: Emotion Dysregulation

    • Emotion dysregulation includes uncontrollable crying, verbal/physical aggression, etc.

    Question 29: Emotion Involvement

    • "Expressed emotion " involves criticism and emotional involvement.

    Question 30: Cultural Idioms of Distress

    • Cultural idioms of distress are ways of talking about distress without a core set of symptoms.

    Question 31: Misdiagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder

    • Antisocial personality disorder is more often misdiagnosed in males.

    Question 32: Differential Item Functioning

    • Differential item functioning happens when a test item performs differently in different groups.

    Question 33: Sex Bias in Measurements

    • Sex bias in measurement occurs when men or women are more likely to endorse an item.

    Question 34: Gender and Diagnosis Tendencies

    • Men are more likely to be underdiagnosed while women are more likely to be overdiagnosed in some situations.

    Question 35: Gender Bias in Measurement

    • Gender bias in measurement occurs when masculinity/femininity influences item endorsement.

    Question 36: Clinician Accuracy in Diagnosis

    • Clinicians are more accurate in diagnosis when the patient's gender/race matches their own.

    Question 37: Misdiagnosis of Schizophrenia

    • Black and Hispanic patients are more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia when their symptoms indicate psychotic affective disorder.

    Question 38: DSM and ICD Distinction

    • ICD is used by psychiatrists while DSM is used by therapists, and ICD has research and clinician versions.

    Question 39: Current DSM Focus

    • The DSM-5 focuses on neurobiological aspects.

    Question 40: Excluded Information in DSM-IV-TR

    • Treatment information is not usually included in the DSM-IV-TR.

    Question 41: Current DSM Version

    • The current DSM version is 5.

    Question 42: Control Conditions in Research

    • Placebo control tests the effect against a less effective treatment option.

    Question 43: Research Investigating Variables

    • Psychotherapy research investigates variables like therapist behaviors and interactions with clients.

    Question 44: Waiting List Control

    • A waiting list control involves no treatment delay.

    Question 45: Efficacious vs. Probably Efficacious Treatments

    • Efficacious treatments have been validated by multiple research groups.

    Question 46: Comparing Effectiveness of Therapies

    • Benchmarking compares the effectiveness of a treatment against other published measures.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts in psychopathology, including normal vs. abnormal behavior, adaptive vs. maladaptive functioning, and the measurement of psychopathology. This quiz will delve into the DSM/ICD approach and various perspectives on psychopathology, including social and statistical deviance.

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