Psychopathology Overview Quiz

Question 1: Normal/Abnormal and Adaptive/Maladaptive

• Normal/abnormal refers to statistical deviance while adaptive/maladaptive refers to effectiveness/functioning.

Question 2: Conceiving Psychopathology

• Determining psychopathology solely through involuntary behavior is the dyscontrol/dysregulation approach.

Question 3: Taxonomy in Psychopathology

• The DSM/ICD approach creates a taxonomy for psychopathology.

Question 4: Determining Psychopathology via Measurement

• Psychopathology is determined through measurement of deviation from the norm (statistical deviance).

Question 5: Social Deviance vs. Statistical Deviance

• Social deviance utilizes cultural rules to assess psychopathology, whereas statistical abnormality uses tests and measures.

Question 6: Psychopathology Based Upon Evolution

• Harmful dysfunction is a psychopathology approach based on an evolutionary perspective.

Question 7: Interrelated Domains of Development

• Development involves interrelated domains with transactional effects.

Question 8: Dynamics of Transactions in Development

• Developmental cascades refer to the dynamics among developing systems.

Question 9: Multifinality

• Multifinality signifies multiple pathways leading to a single outcome.

Question 10: Developmental Psychopathology

• To understand psychopathology, multiple levels of analysis need to be integrated.

Question 11: Comorbidity

• Comorbidity refers to the coexistence of two or more disorders.

Question 12: Equifinality

• Equifinality means multiple pathways can lead to the same outcome.

Question 13: Behavioral Flexibility and Development

• Increased organization and differentiation of behavior imply more flexible development.

Question 14: Hierarchical Integration in Behavior

• Earlier behaviors become integrated into later and more complex functions.

Question 15: Active Shapers of Environment

• Children actively shape their environment, not passively receive.

Question 16: Neuroimaging Approach

• Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures changes in magnetic fields linked to blood oxygenation.

Question 17: Heritability

• Heritability describes the proportion of variability attributable to genetic factors.

Question 18: Neurotransmitter Function

• Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain.

Question 19: Neurotransmitter Function

• Acetylcholine is associated with attention and memory.

Question 20: Neuroimaging Approach

• Positive emission tomography (PET) uses radioactively labeled substances to assess brain activity.

Question 21: Emotion Processing

• The right hemisphere of the brain is crucial in emotion processing.

Question 22: Behavioral and Emotional Regulation

• Dopamine is associated with behavioral and emotional regulation.

Question 23: ExcitatoryNeurotransmitter

• Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain.

Question 24: Flight or Fight Response

• Epinephrine is associated with the flight or fight response.

Question 25: Cultural Patterns of Distress

• Cultural syndromes represent clusters of related symptoms in a specific culture.

Question 26: Explanatory Models of Distress

• Cultural idioms of distress explain suffering using cultural explanations.

Question 27: Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys

• The National Comorbidity Study is a collaborative study.

Question 28: Emotion Dysregulation

• Emotion dysregulation includes uncontrollable crying, verbal/physical aggression, etc.

Question 29: Emotion Involvement

• "Expressed emotion " involves criticism and emotional involvement.

Question 30: Cultural Idioms of Distress

• Cultural idioms of distress are ways of talking about distress without a core set of symptoms.

Question 31: Misdiagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Antisocial personality disorder is more often misdiagnosed in males.

Question 32: Differential Item Functioning

• Differential item functioning happens when a test item performs differently in different groups.

Question 33: Sex Bias in Measurements

• Sex bias in measurement occurs when men or women are more likely to endorse an item.

Question 34: Gender and Diagnosis Tendencies

• Men are more likely to be underdiagnosed while women are more likely to be overdiagnosed in some situations.

Question 35: Gender Bias in Measurement

• Gender bias in measurement occurs when masculinity/femininity influences item endorsement.

Question 36: Clinician Accuracy in Diagnosis

• Clinicians are more accurate in diagnosis when the patient's gender/race matches their own.

Question 37: Misdiagnosis of Schizophrenia

• Black and Hispanic patients are more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia when their symptoms indicate psychotic affective disorder.

Question 38: DSM and ICD Distinction

• ICD is used by psychiatrists while DSM is used by therapists, and ICD has research and clinician versions.

Question 39: Current DSM Focus

• The DSM-5 focuses on neurobiological aspects.

Question 40: Excluded Information in DSM-IV-TR

• Treatment information is not usually included in the DSM-IV-TR.

Question 41: Current DSM Version

• The current DSM version is 5.

Question 42: Control Conditions in Research

• Placebo control tests the effect against a less effective treatment option.

Question 43: Research Investigating Variables

• Psychotherapy research investigates variables like therapist behaviors and interactions with clients.

Question 44: Waiting List Control

• A waiting list control involves no treatment delay.

Question 45: Efficacious vs. Probably Efficacious Treatments

• Efficacious treatments have been validated by multiple research groups.

Question 46: Comparing Effectiveness of Therapies

• Benchmarking compares the effectiveness of a treatment against other published measures.