Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best illustrates the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of schizophrenia?
Which of the following best illustrates the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of schizophrenia?
- An imbalance in dopamine that is completely unrelated to environmental influences
- A genetic predisposition leading directly to symptoms
- The presence of genetic vulnerability, stress, and environmental factors interacting to influence symptom expression (correct)
- Childhood trauma triggering the onset of schizophrenia with no biological influence
Which of the following statements about DSM-5-TR is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about DSM-5-TR is TRUE?
- It completely replaced the categorical model with a dimensional model
- It does not recognize comorbid conditions
- It acknowledges the role of cultural factors in mental health diagnoses (correct)
- It eliminates cultural considerations in diagnosis
Which research method is best suited to determine whether early childhood trauma increases the risk of developing mood disorders in adulthood?
Which research method is best suited to determine whether early childhood trauma increases the risk of developing mood disorders in adulthood?
- Case study
- Experimental study
- Longitudinal study (correct)
- Cross-sectional study
What is a major limitation of using experimental research in psychopathology?
What is a major limitation of using experimental research in psychopathology?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most directly implicated in the reinforcing effects of addictive substances?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most directly implicated in the reinforcing effects of addictive substances?
A 28-year-old man reports experiencing persistent intrusive thoughts about harming others, even though he has no desire to act on them. To manage his anxiety, he engages in repeated rituals such as counting in sets of five before leaving the house. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 28-year-old man reports experiencing persistent intrusive thoughts about harming others, even though he has no desire to act on them. To manage his anxiety, he engages in repeated rituals such as counting in sets of five before leaving the house. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which of the following symptoms would most clearly differentiate PTSD from panic disorder?
Which of the following symptoms would most clearly differentiate PTSD from panic disorder?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
A patient with schizophrenia shows significant improvement when taking an antipsychotic medication, but also develops involuntary facial movements. Which of the following side effects is most likely responsible?
A patient with schizophrenia shows significant improvement when taking an antipsychotic medication, but also develops involuntary facial movements. Which of the following side effects is most likely responsible?
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes bipolar I disorder from bipolar II disorder?
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes bipolar I disorder from bipolar II disorder?
Which of the following findings best supports the hypothesis that major depressive disorder has a biological basis?
Which of the following findings best supports the hypothesis that major depressive disorder has a biological basis?
Which of the following symptoms must be present to diagnose schizophrenia?
Which of the following symptoms must be present to diagnose schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a primary feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Which of the following is a primary feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A child with a history of multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) exhibits emotional dysregulation, difficulty forming attachments, and hypervigilance. Which disorder is most likely?
A child with a history of multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) exhibits emotional dysregulation, difficulty forming attachments, and hypervigilance. Which disorder is most likely?
Which of the following therapeutic approaches would be most appropriate for a patient with PTSD who experiences extreme avoidance of trauma-related stimuli?
Which of the following therapeutic approaches would be most appropriate for a patient with PTSD who experiences extreme avoidance of trauma-related stimuli?
The DSM-5-TR has completely abandoned categorical classification in favor of a dimensional model.
The DSM-5-TR has completely abandoned categorical classification in favor of a dimensional model.
The presence of hallucinations alone is sufficient for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
The presence of hallucinations alone is sufficient for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) is designed to minimize the risk of re-traumatization in clinical settings.
Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) is designed to minimize the risk of re-traumatization in clinical settings.
A high score on the ACEs questionnaire predicts inevitable mental health problems in adulthood.
A high score on the ACEs questionnaire predicts inevitable mental health problems in adulthood.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is primarily used for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is primarily used for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
Cultural factors influence how mental disorders are expressed and diagnosed.
Cultural factors influence how mental disorders are expressed and diagnosed.
Schizophrenia is caused solely by environmental factors.
Schizophrenia is caused solely by environmental factors.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by alternating multiple personalities with gaps in memory.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by alternating multiple personalities with gaps in memory.
Exposure therapy is a widely used treatment for PTSD.
Exposure therapy is a widely used treatment for PTSD.
Personality disorders are typically diagnosed in childhood.
Personality disorders are typically diagnosed in childhood.
What is the primary ethical concern when conducting research on individuals with a history of trauma?
What is the primary ethical concern when conducting research on individuals with a history of trauma?
Which of the following best describes the controversy surrounding the expansion of diagnostic criteria in DSM-5-TR?
Which of the following best describes the controversy surrounding the expansion of diagnostic criteria in DSM-5-TR?
Which statement best reflects a limitation of the categorical model of diagnosis?
Which statement best reflects a limitation of the categorical model of diagnosis?
Which of the following is an example of a Protective Childhood Experience (PCE)?
Which of the following is an example of a Protective Childhood Experience (PCE)?
Flashcards
Schizophrenia Development
Schizophrenia Development
The onset of schizophrenia is influenced by genetic, stress, and environmental factors interacting together.
DSM-5-TR Cultural Role
DSM-5-TR Cultural Role
The DSM-5-TR acknowledges cultural factors in diagnosing mental health conditions.
Longitudinal Study
Longitudinal Study
A research method following participants over time to understand long-term effects.
Ethical Constraints in Research
Ethical Constraints in Research
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Dopamine and Addiction
Dopamine and Addiction
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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PTSD Symptoms
PTSD Symptoms
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Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
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Tardive Dyskinesia
Tardive Dyskinesia
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Diagnosis of Bipolar I vs II
Diagnosis of Bipolar I vs II
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Biological Basis of Depression
Biological Basis of Depression
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Core Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Core Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
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Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Exposure Therapy for PTSD
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Ethical Concerns in Trauma Research
Ethical Concerns in Trauma Research
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Diagnostic Criteria Controversy
Diagnostic Criteria Controversy
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Limitations of Categorical Diagnosis
Limitations of Categorical Diagnosis
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Protective Childhood Experience (PCE)
Protective Childhood Experience (PCE)
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Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)
Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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Cultural Influence on Disorders
Cultural Influence on Disorders
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Reality of ACEs
Reality of ACEs
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Personality Disorder Diagnosis
Personality Disorder Diagnosis
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Schizophrenia Causes
Schizophrenia Causes
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Effective PTSD Treatment
Effective PTSD Treatment
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Study Notes
Theoretical Knowledge & Research Methods
- Schizophrenia interaction: Biological vulnerability, stress, and environmental factors interact to influence symptom expression.
- DSM-5-TR: Acknowledges cultural factors in mental health diagnoses.
- Research method for early childhood trauma: A longitudinal study is best.
- Limitation of experimental research in psychopathology: Ethical constraints make it difficult to manipulate variables related to mental disorders.
- Reinforcing neurotransmitter in addictive substances: Dopamine.
Clinical Application & Diagnosis
- 28-year-old man with intrusive thoughts and rituals: Most likely diagnosis is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
- PTSD vs. panic disorder: Persistent intrusive flashbacks and avoidance of trauma stimuli distinguish PTSD from panic disorder.
- Borderline personality disorder: Alternating extremes of idealization and devaluation occur in relationships.
- Antipsychotic medication side effect: Tardive Dyskinesia is a possible involuntary facial movement side effect.
- Characteristics of bipolar I disorder vs. II disorder: Bipolar I requires at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II involves hypomania.
Critical Thinking & Ethics
- Ethical concern of trauma research: Preventing re-traumatization during data collection.
- Controversy of DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria expansion: Potential for over-diagnosis and medicalization of normal behaviors.
- Limitation of categorical model of diagnosis: Lack of sufficient categorization for symptom severity variations.
- Example of protective childhood experience: Having a stable and nurturing caregiver.
- Ethical concerns in research on trauma victims: Avoiding further trauma to participants is a key consideration.
True or False Questions
- Hallucinations alone for schizophrenia diagnosis: Incorrect; other symptoms including delusions and disorganised speech are also needed.
- Trauma informed care (TIC): Designed to minimize re-traumatization.
- High ACE score and inevitable mental health problems in adulthood: Incorrect, not every person with high ACE scores develop mental issues.
- ECT for treatment resistant depression: Correct.
- Culture impact on symptoms: True; culture influences how mental issues present.
- Schizophrenia solely environmental: Incorrect; it has various causes.
- Exposure therapy for PTSD: True; it is a common effective approach.
- Diagnosis of personality disorder in childhood: Incorrect; typically diagnosed during adulthood.
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