Abnormal Behavior Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a psychological disorder characterized by?

Positive social interactions

Cultural acceptance of atypical behavior

Cognitive, emotional, or behavioral dysfunction with associated distress (correct)

Psychological dysfunction and typical responses

Which of the following best describes 'atypical behavior' in the context of abnormal psychology?

Behavior that is always linked to distress

Behavior that complies with societal norms

Behavior that deviates from cultural expectations (correct)

Behaviors that are commonly accepted across cultures

What does the DSM-5 definition of abnormal behavior include?

Only behavioral dysfunctions

Behavioral patterns that are quantitatively rare

Psychological disorders associated with distress and impairment (correct)

Cognitive dysfunctions without emotional aspects

How do counseling psychologists differ from clinical psychologists?

Counseling psychologists focus on vocational issues of healthy individuals Signup and view all the answers

What type of training do Psy.D. programs in professional schools emphasize?

Clinical training Signup and view all the answers

What degree do psychiatrists earn before specializing in psychiatry?

M.D. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about psychological dysfunction is correct?

It refers to breakdowns in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What influence does cultural context have on the classification of abnormal behavior?

Behaviors labeled as abnormal are typically unexpected within their cultural setting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites in neurons?

Receiving chemical impulses from other nerve cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the synaptic cleft?

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is part of the hindbrain?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of neurotransmitters?

To send chemical signals across the synaptic cleft. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is primarily involved with arousal and tension?

Reticular activating system Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellum primarily control?

Motor coordination. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is considered more advanced and evolved more recently?

Forebrain Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located at the base of the forebrain?

Limbic system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychiatrists in their profession?

Investigation of psychological disorders and diagnoses Signup and view all the answers

What level of education do psychiatric social workers typically achieve?

Master’s degree in social work Signup and view all the answers

Which mental health professional typically works within a treatment team in a hospital setting?

Psychiatric nurse Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'incidence' refer to in relation to psychological disorders?

The number of new cases occurring in a specified time frame Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the anticipated course of a psychological disorder?

Prognosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of course describes disorders that last a long time and may be lifelong, like schizophrenia?

Chronic course Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of origins and causes of psychological disorders called?

Etiology Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes mood disorders in terms of their course?

They follow an episodic pattern with possible recurrences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction of Social Anxiety Disorder from simply being shy?

Involves performance anxiety that hinders specific actions. Signup and view all the answers

At what age does Social Anxiety Disorder most commonly begin?

Around 13 years. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most likely to have Social Anxiety Disorder?

Young adults aged 18-29. Signup and view all the answers

What common physical reactions can occur as symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder?

Blushing, sweating, and trembling. Signup and view all the answers

What does the sex ratio for Social Anxiety Disorder indicate?

The ratio is nearly equal for both sexes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger for performance anxiety in social situations?

Public speaking. Signup and view all the answers

What finding did Mogg and colleagues reveal about socially anxious individuals' perception of faces?

They more quickly recognize angry faces. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a superior treatment method for Social Anxiety Disorder according to Clark and colleagues?

Cognitive therapy emphasizing real-life experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the second section of DSM-5?

To present the descriptions of psychological disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes was made in DSM-5 regarding terminology?

The term ‘intellectual disability’ replaced ‘mental retardation’ Signup and view all the answers

What does the term comorbidity refer to in psychology?

Experiencing multiple psychological disorders simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of epidemiological research in psychology?

To investigate the incidence and prevalence of disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of DSM-5 improves upon the previous diagnostic manual regarding measurement?

Introduction of uniform dimensional axes for disorders Signup and view all the answers

What misconception does Kiesler refer to regarding psychological participants?

That each participant's experience is identical Signup and view all the answers

What key element does epidemiology study in relation to psychological disorders?

The distribution and consequences of disorders Signup and view all the answers

In DSM-5, what does clinician notation for psychosocial factors replace?

Axis IV Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

Psychological disorder is a dysfunction in cognitive, emotional or behavioral functioning that is atypical or unexpected in the cultural context and is associated with distress, impairment and risk of suffering, death, pain or impairment.
Psychopathology is the scientific study of psychological disorders.
Counseling psychologists focus on adjustment and vocational issues of healthy individuals while clinical psychologists focus on more severe psychological disorders.
Psychiatrists have an M.D. degree and specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders, often from a biological viewpoint.
Psychiatric social workers have a master’s degree in social work and specialize in collecting information about the social and family situations of individuals with psychological disorders.
Psychiatric nurses have advanced degrees and specialize in the care and treatment of patients with psychological disorders.
Marriage and family therapists and mental health counselors have master’s degree and provide clinical services.
Prevalence measures the population rate of a disorder. Incidence measures the rate of new cases over a period of time.
Disorders can have a chronic, episodic or time-limited course.
Prognosis refers to the expected course of a disorder.
Etiology studies the origins of a disorder.
The brain stem handles essential functions like breathing, sleeping, and moving.
The forebrain is more advanced and evolved recently.
The hindbrain regulates automatic activities like breathing, heartbeat and digestion. The cerebellum controls motor coordination.
The midbrain coordinates movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system.
The thalamus and hypothalamus regulate behavior and emotion and function as a relay between the forebrain and other parts of the brain.
The limbic system is at the base of the forebrain and includes the hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, septum, and amygdala.
DSM-5 is divided into three sections: introduction, disorders, and disorders needing further research.
The DSM-5 removed the multiaxial system and combined axes I, II, and III into the descriptions of the disorders.
The term "mental retardation" has been replaced with “intellectual disability”.
Comorbidity occurs when an individual presents with more than one psychological disorder at the same time.

Research Methods

The patient uniformity myth refers to the tendency to view all participants as one group.
Epidemiology studies the incidence, distribution, and consequences of problems in one or more populations.
Epidemiological research can’t determine cause but provides valuable data for understanding disorders.

SAD is more than exaggerated shyness.
Individuals with performance anxiety experience intense anxiety when performing specific tasks in front of people.
Common performance anxiety situations include public speaking, eating in restaurants and signing checks in public.
Anxiety-provoking physical reactions include blushing, sweating, trembling, and paruresis.
The prevalence of SAD in a given year is 6.8% and 8.2% in adolescents.
SAD is the second most prevalent anxiety disorder.
The sex ratio for SAD is nearly 50:50.
SAD onset typically occurs during adolescence with a peak around 13 years old.
SAD is more prevalent in young people (18-29 years), those undereducated, single, and of low socioeconomic class.
Socially anxious individuals recognize angry faces more quickly than “normals”.
Some infants are born with a temperamental profile of inhibition or shyness, evident as early as 4 months of age.
Cognitive therapy that emphasizes real-life experiences is a superior treatment for SAD.

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Description

Explore the historical context of abnormal behavior and psychological disorders. This quiz covers various mental health professions and their roles in diagnosing and treating psychological disorders. Delve into the nuances of psychopathology and the impact of cultural context on mental health.