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Questions and Answers
What practical reason led to attention becoming an important research topic in the 1950s?
Which model of attention is associated with the Dichotic Listening Task?
What is the main focus of selective attention?
In the Dichotic Listening Task, participants were asked to:
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What was the main finding of the Dichotic Listening Task regarding participants' ability?
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According to Broadbent’s filter model of attention, what is the function of the filter stage?
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In Broadbent’s model, what is the function of the detector stage?
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What is the role of short-term memory in Broadbent’s filter model of attention?
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What does the sensory buffer/memory stage do in Broadbent's model?
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How does Broadbent’s filter model explain focusing on one message and ignoring another?
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Study Notes
Attention Definition and Attributes
- Attention enables us to become aware of mental content.
- Attention controls our mental environment by choosing/selecting the events that will enter consciousness.
- There are multiple aspects of attention, including selective attention, divided attention, and attentional capture.
Historical Background of Attention Research
- Attention became an important topic of research in the 1950s.
- This was partially due to the practical reason of technology developed during World War II, which placed humans in situations where they were overwhelmed with information for long periods.
Models of Attention
- Broadbent's Model: proposes that information passes through stages, including sensory buffer/memory, filter, and detector.
- The filter identifies the message being attended to based on physical characteristics, such as tone of voice, pitch, speed, and accent.
- The detector processes the information from the attended message to determine higher-level characteristics, such as meaning.
Dichotic Listening Task
- Participants are presented with a different message in each ear, delivered over stereo earphones.
- They are told to pay attention to a message delivered to one ear (the attended ear) and repeat what they heard out loud (shadowing).
- Results: participants were unable to report the content of the message delivered in the unattended ear and were unaware of what was said.
Broadbent's Filter Model of Attention
- Proposed by Broadbent (1958) to explain how it is possible to focus on one message only and why information isn’t taken in from the other message.
- The model includes stages: sensory buffer/memory, filter, and detector.
- Information from the world is detected by receptors in the sense organs, which enters the sensory buffer.
- The sensory buffer holds all incoming information for a fraction of a second and then transfers it to the filter.
- The output of the detector is sent to short-term memory, which holds information for 10-15 seconds and transfers information into long-term memory, which can hold information indefinitely.
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Description
Explore the definition, attributes, and tests related to attention in psychology. Study the different aspects of attention such as selective attention, divided attention, and attentional capture. Dive into the historical background of attention as an important topic of study.
