Questions and Answers
Who developed the theory of Operant Conditioning?
What psychological phenomenon is Ivan Pavlov best known for?
Who is known for the Law of Effect?
Edward Thorndike
John Garcia is associated with __________.
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Albert Bandura is known for his work in classical conditioning.
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What term refers to the process of getting used to new stimuli?
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In what type of learning do organisms learn through association between stimuli?
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What is the main idea of Operant Conditioning?
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Match the following psychologists with their contributions:
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The term 'Associative Learning' refers to learning that two different events occur together. True or False?
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What is the purpose of the Skinner Box?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Behavioral Psychology
- B.F. Skinner: Developed Operant Conditioning, using reinforcers to change behavior; 1904 - 1990.
- Ivan Pavlov: Known for Classical Conditioning; observed dogs salivating at food sight; 1849 - 1936.
- E.L. Thorndike: Contributed to learning theory that led to operant conditioning; 1874 - 1949.
- John Garcia: Introduced The Garcia Effect, showing animals associate illness with specific foods, regardless of the actual cause.
- Edward Tolman: Cognitive Behaviorist who argued against automatic learning responses; believed animals learn information for future use; 1886 - 1959.
- Albert Bandura: Pioneer in observational learning; demonstrated children mimicking adult behavior in Bobo Doll experiments; 1925 - present.
Essential Concepts in Learning Theory
- Behaviorism: Advocates for psychology as an objective science, focusing solely on observable events; dismisses unobservable mental processes.
- Law of Effect: Proposed by Thorndike; states that behaviors followed by rewards are likely to be repeated, emphasizing stimulus-response reactions.
- Associative Learning: Learning that occurs when two different events or stimuli are linked together, essential for conditioning.
- Habituation: The decrease in response to a repeated stimulus; e.g., becoming less impressed with a familiar picture over time.
Types of Conditioning
- Classical Conditioning: Learning through associations between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response.
- Operant Conditioning: Learning process where behaviors are influenced by reinforcement (increasing behavior) or punishment (decreasing behavior).
Tools and Methods
- Skinner Box: A controlled environment used by Skinner to study animal behavior and operant conditioning through reinforcement and punishment.
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Description
Explore key figures in psychology with these flashcards covering B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov. Learn about their significant contributions to behavioral theories such as Operant and Classical Conditioning. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of foundational concepts in psychology.
