Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is our inability to fall asleep early a reflection of?
What is our inability to fall asleep early a reflection of?
the circadian rhythm
What does circadian rhythm refer to?
What does circadian rhythm refer to?
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
Raymond's difficulty in getting to sleep after four years of working nights is most likely due to a disruption of his what?
Raymond's difficulty in getting to sleep after four years of working nights is most likely due to a disruption of his what?
circadian rhythm
Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.
Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.
Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
What can we expect to increase as John's sleep continues after 4 hours?
What can we expect to increase as John's sleep continues after 4 hours?
What are the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep called?
What are the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep called?
How often does the human sleep cycle repeat itself?
How often does the human sleep cycle repeat itself?
What has sleep deprivation been shown to do?
What has sleep deprivation been shown to do?
What was Carlos most likely experiencing after about an hour and a half of sleep?
What was Carlos most likely experiencing after about an hour and a half of sleep?
What disorder involves the cessation of breathing during sleep?
What disorder involves the cessation of breathing during sleep?
What does research indicate about alcohol?
What does research indicate about alcohol?
What does REM rebound involve?
What does REM rebound involve?
What is alcohol considered?
What is alcohol considered?
According to Freud, Inge's dream of dancing represents the ________ content of her dream.
According to Freud, Inge's dream of dancing represents the ________ content of her dream.
What are the rhythmic bursts of brain activity during Stage 2 sleep called?
What are the rhythmic bursts of brain activity during Stage 2 sleep called?
Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
What is obesity a risk factor for?
What is obesity a risk factor for?
Freud called the remembered storyline of a dream its ________ content.
Freud called the remembered storyline of a dream its ________ content.
What indicates the need to take larger doses of a drug to experience its effects?
What indicates the need to take larger doses of a drug to experience its effects?
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Study Notes
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
- Circadian rhythm denotes a biological functioning pattern occurring roughly on a 24-hour cycle, crucial for regulating sleep and wake times.
- A disruption in the circadian rhythm can lead to difficulties adjusting sleep patterns, as experienced by individuals transitioning from night shifts to day jobs.
Sleep Stages and Characteristics
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, also known as paradoxical sleep, is characterized by high neural activity and minimal muscle movement.
- Non-REM sleep consists of various stages, with delta waves representing the deep sleep phase, also known as Stage 4.
- The human sleep cycle generally repeats approximately every 90 minutes, encompassing multiple stages including REM.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation
- Sleep deprivation negatively impacts immunity and increases susceptibility to diseases.
- It may lead to heightened attentiveness to certain stimulating tasks, yet decreases overall tolerance and contributes to withdrawal symptoms.
Sleep Disorders
- Sleep apnea is marked by intermittent cessation of breathing during sleep, which can be exacerbated by obesity.
- Nightmares are linked to REM sleep, while night terrors occur during deep, stage 4 sleep.
Alcohol and Sleep
- Alcohol is classified as a depressant and significantly disrupts memory processing and sleep quality by impairing long-term memory function.
- Research shows that alcohol disrupts REM sleep, which is critical for cognitive functioning and emotional regulation.
Dream Analysis
- Sigmund Freud described manifest content as the remembered storyline of a dream, distinct from latent content which symbolizes deeper meanings.
- REM rebound refers to the tendency for REM sleep duration to increase following periods of REM deprivation, highlighting the body's compensatory mechanisms for lost sleep.
Physiological Changes During Sleep
- REM sleep includes rapid eye movements, an increase in heart rate, and irregular breathing patterns.
- Sleep spindles, bursts of brain activity, are characteristic of Stage 2 sleep, denoting a transition into deeper sleep states.
Key Terms
- Tolerance: the need for increased drug doses to achieve similar effects, often developing from prolonged use.
- The concept of sleep cycles illustrates the complex interplay of various sleep stages essential for physical and mental health.
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