Questions and Answers
What is our inability to fall asleep early a reflection of?
the circadian rhythm
What does circadian rhythm refer to?
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
Raymond's difficulty in getting to sleep after four years of working nights is most likely due to a disruption of his what?
circadian rhythm
Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.
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Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
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What can we expect to increase as John's sleep continues after 4 hours?
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What are the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep called?
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How often does the human sleep cycle repeat itself?
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What has sleep deprivation been shown to do?
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What was Carlos most likely experiencing after about an hour and a half of sleep?
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What disorder involves the cessation of breathing during sleep?
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What does research indicate about alcohol?
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What does REM rebound involve?
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What is alcohol considered?
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According to Freud, Inge's dream of dancing represents the ________ content of her dream.
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What are the rhythmic bursts of brain activity during Stage 2 sleep called?
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Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
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What is obesity a risk factor for?
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Freud called the remembered storyline of a dream its ________ content.
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What indicates the need to take larger doses of a drug to experience its effects?
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Study Notes
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
- Circadian rhythm denotes a biological functioning pattern occurring roughly on a 24-hour cycle, crucial for regulating sleep and wake times.
- A disruption in the circadian rhythm can lead to difficulties adjusting sleep patterns, as experienced by individuals transitioning from night shifts to day jobs.
Sleep Stages and Characteristics
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, also known as paradoxical sleep, is characterized by high neural activity and minimal muscle movement.
- Non-REM sleep consists of various stages, with delta waves representing the deep sleep phase, also known as Stage 4.
- The human sleep cycle generally repeats approximately every 90 minutes, encompassing multiple stages including REM.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation
- Sleep deprivation negatively impacts immunity and increases susceptibility to diseases.
- It may lead to heightened attentiveness to certain stimulating tasks, yet decreases overall tolerance and contributes to withdrawal symptoms.
Sleep Disorders
- Sleep apnea is marked by intermittent cessation of breathing during sleep, which can be exacerbated by obesity.
- Nightmares are linked to REM sleep, while night terrors occur during deep, stage 4 sleep.
Alcohol and Sleep
- Alcohol is classified as a depressant and significantly disrupts memory processing and sleep quality by impairing long-term memory function.
- Research shows that alcohol disrupts REM sleep, which is critical for cognitive functioning and emotional regulation.
Dream Analysis
- Sigmund Freud described manifest content as the remembered storyline of a dream, distinct from latent content which symbolizes deeper meanings.
- REM rebound refers to the tendency for REM sleep duration to increase following periods of REM deprivation, highlighting the body's compensatory mechanisms for lost sleep.
Physiological Changes During Sleep
- REM sleep includes rapid eye movements, an increase in heart rate, and irregular breathing patterns.
- Sleep spindles, bursts of brain activity, are characteristic of Stage 2 sleep, denoting a transition into deeper sleep states.
Key Terms
- Tolerance: the need for increased drug doses to achieve similar effects, often developing from prolonged use.
- The concept of sleep cycles illustrates the complex interplay of various sleep stages essential for physical and mental health.
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Description
Test your knowledge on circadian rhythms and their effects on sleep patterns in this quiz based on Psychology Unit 5. Explore how biological functioning follows a 24-hour cycle and the impact of disrupted sleep schedules.
