Psychology: Understanding Validity in Testing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of establishing validity in a test?

  • To make accurate inferences from scores on a test (correct)
  • To determine the usefulness of a test in a particular situation
  • To measure the consistency of a measure
  • To ensure the reliability of the test

    • What happens to reliability if a test is not valid?

  • It does not affect reliability
  • It is also not reliable (correct)
  • It becomes less reliable
  • It becomes more reliable

    • What does validity refer to in a test?

  • The consistency of a measure
  • The accuracy of a measure (correct)
  • The usefulness of a test
  • The reliability of a test

    • What is the relationship between validity and reliability?

    <p>They are interdependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability refer to in a test?

    <p>The consistency of a measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to establish validity in a test?

    <p>To ensure the test measures what it claims to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why face validity is important?

    <p>To ensure that test-takers take interest in taking the test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does content validity refer to?

    <p>The degree to which a test measures an intended content area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an aspect of content validity?

    <p>Construct under-representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is content validity established?

    <p>Through judgement by expert judges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does concurrent validity refer to?

    <p>The degree to which test scores estimate or predict a criterion behaviour or outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of construct irrelevant-variance?

    <p>An IQ test that is influenced by reading ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Validity in Testing

    • A good test must be valid, meaning it measures what it intends to measure, and is a crucial aspect of establishing the usefulness of a test score.
    • The aim of validity is to enable accurate inferences from test scores, giving meaning to the scores.

    Relationship Between Validity and Reliability

    • If a test is not valid, reliability is irrelevant.
    • If a test is not reliable, it is also not valid.
    • Validity indicates the usefulness of a test for a particular situation, while reliability indicates the trustworthiness of a score on that test.

    Types of Validity

    Face Validity

    • Refers to whether a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure on the surface.
    • Determined by a review of the items and not through statistical analyses.
    • Important because it affects test-takers' interest and test users' perception of the test's validity.
    • However, face validity is insufficient for claiming that a test is valid, and does not refer to what is actually being measured.

    Content Validity

    • Refers to the degree to which a test measures an intended content area.
    • Involves correspondence between items on a test and the content domain.
    • Requires specifying the content areas covered by the phenomenon, writing relevant items, and developing a measure of the construct.
    • Aspects of content validity include construct under-representation and construct irrelevant-variance.

    Establishing Content Validity

    • Can be established through judgment by expert judges, who evaluate the relevance of each item to the content domain.
    • Can also be established using statistical methods, such as factor analysis.

    Criterion Validity

    • Refers to how well a test score estimates or predicts a criterion behavior or outcome, now or in the future.
    • Includes concurrent validity, which is the extent to which test scores can correctly identify the current state of individuals.

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    Description

    Learn about the importance of validity in psychological testing, including what it measures and how to establish it. Improve your understanding of psychological research and testing methods.

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