Psychology Triadic Design Quiz

Questions and Answers

What was the key finding regarding the inescapable group in the experiment?

They sat passively and accepted the noise. (correct)

They showed increased resilience to stress.

They learned to escape effectively.

They actively avoided the aversive noise.

In comparison to other groups, how did the inescapable group respond to the noise?

They successfully navigated to escape routes.

They exhibited learned helplessness. (correct)

They displayed aggressive behavior toward the noise.

They responded faster than the no-noise group.

What can be inferred about the 'no-noise' and 'escape' groups based on their behavior?

They both successfully learned to shuttle with their hands. (correct)

They failed to learn how to react to stimuli.

They experienced the same level of shock as the inescapable group.

They were unable to learn any new behaviors.

What does the latency to press a lever in the FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3 schedules indicate?

The ability of rats to escape in different conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups showed poor escape behavior?

The yoked subjects in the FR-3 schedule. Signup and view all the answers

What factor was highlighted in Hiroto's experimental design?

The design included multiple groups with different training. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is associated with learned helplessness in this context?

Reduced response to negative stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary behavior observed in the inescapable group during the trials?

A passive response to the aversive noise. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does a naive dog exhibit after receiving an inescapable shock initially?

It sits through the shock. Signup and view all the answers

How does the experience of inescapable shock affect the dog's future responses?

It can cause some dogs to revert to taking the shock. Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive perception issue is mentioned in relation to success in experimental situations?

Difficulty perceiving their actions affect outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does inescapable noise have on students in the study mentioned?

It interferes with their ability to solve anagrams. Signup and view all the answers

After a naive dog successfully escapes shock for the first time, how does its behavior change?

It begins to learn rapidly and avoids shock. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the 'yoked' group in the triadic design?

They experience exactly the same physical outcome as another group without the ability to respond. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conclusion regarding helplessness from the experiment?

The inability to control shock leads to feelings of helplessness. Signup and view all the answers

Which group demonstrated the highest escape rates during testing?

The escape group Signup and view all the answers

What was the function of the hammock treatment in the experiment?

To ensure the yoked group experienced shock without control. Signup and view all the answers

In the shuttle box test after the hammock treatment, which group showed the slowest responses?

Yoked group Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the shock treatment was critical to the experiment's conclusion?

The ability to escape or control the exposure to shocks. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the treatment of the naive control group from the other groups?

They did not receive any shock during the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the implication of the outcomes following the treatment for each group?

Control over the shock outcome correlates with improved response rates. Signup and view all the answers

What does the basic triadic design aim to explain in the context of helplessness studies?

The independence between outcome and responses Signup and view all the answers

What was a key finding of Glass and Singer (1972) regarding controllability?

Merely informing subjects about controllability can reduce stress Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Seligman and Maier (1967) study, which group of dogs was affected by the helplessness effect?

The yoked dogs that were unable to escape Signup and view all the answers

What effect does learning that relief is independent of responding have on behavior?

It decreases the likelihood of response initiation Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the expectation of controllability in reducing stress according to the studies reviewed?

It can be effective when just communicated verbally Signup and view all the answers

From which theories did the authors suggest readers consult for more information on helplessness?

Attribution theory and cognitive-learning theory Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the 'incentive to initiate voluntary responses' in a traumatic situation?

It is linked to the belief that actions can control outcomes Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how can a person be influenced to feel helpless without direct exposure to uncontrollable events?

By being informed about uncontrollability Signup and view all the answers

What is the cornerstone of the theory regarding controllability and responses?

The organism's expectations Signup and view all the answers

What does response-outcome independence indicate about an outcome?

Responses have no influence on outcomes Signup and view all the answers

How does a belief in uncontrollability influence behavior?

It undermines the incentive to initiate responses Signup and view all the answers

What role does responding in traumatic situations play according to the content?

It can involve both innate and voluntary responses Signup and view all the answers

What can interfere with learning about response-outcome associations?

Associative interference Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the term 'voluntary (outcome-sensitive) responses'?

Responses are learned and adapted over time Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the learning process when responses are deemed ineffective?

Expectation and experience become disconnected Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the second step in the theory discussed?

Developing expectations of response-outcome independence Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Experimental Design

Triadic design involves three groups:
- One group with a controllable outcome (escape group).
- Second group (yoked) experiences the same outcome but lacks control.
- Third group (naive control) has no exposure to outcome.

Learning and Helplessness

Helplessness arises not from trauma but from perceived uncontrollability of outcomes.
Yoked group demonstrated slower responses in escape tasks compared to escape and naive groups.
Control over outcomes leads to effective learning and avoidance behavior, highlighting the role of perceived control.

Experiment Results

All groups underwent escape/avoidance training after initial treatments.
The escape and naive groups quickly learned to navigate the shuttle box, while the yoked group struggled significantly.
Six out of eight yoked subjects failed to escape shocks, illustrating the impact of perceived helplessness.

Cognitive Effects of Uncontrollability

Experiments highlighted that learning about uncontrollable outcomes diminishes the likelihood of effective responses.
Negative cognitive set emerged, where subjects believed their actions were ineffective.
Initial experiences of inescapable conditions negatively affected subsequent ability to solve problems (e.g., anagrams).

Theoretical Implications

Learning about response-outcome independence hampers subsequent learning about control.
A belief in uncontrollability reduces motivation to initiate voluntary responses in stressful situations.
Expectation of response independence can lead to learned helplessness even without direct exposure to uncontrollable conditions.

Summary of Key Findings

Actual controllability creates positive outcomes, while perceived uncontrollability fosters helplessness.
The importance of control perception in stress reduction and response initiation is critical in understanding behavioral patterns in both animals and humans.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the triadic design in psychology, which involves the roles of different groups in an experiment. This quiz will cover the concepts of controlled, yoked, and naive groups and their interaction with outcomes. Understand the nuances of how responses and stimuli affect various groups within this design framework.