Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the key finding regarding the inescapable group in the experiment?
What was the key finding regarding the inescapable group in the experiment?
- They sat passively and accepted the noise. (correct)
- They showed increased resilience to stress.
- They learned to escape effectively.
- They actively avoided the aversive noise.
In comparison to other groups, how did the inescapable group respond to the noise?
In comparison to other groups, how did the inescapable group respond to the noise?
- They successfully navigated to escape routes.
- They exhibited learned helplessness. (correct)
- They displayed aggressive behavior toward the noise.
- They responded faster than the no-noise group.
What can be inferred about the 'no-noise' and 'escape' groups based on their behavior?
What can be inferred about the 'no-noise' and 'escape' groups based on their behavior?
- They both successfully learned to shuttle with their hands. (correct)
- They failed to learn how to react to stimuli.
- They experienced the same level of shock as the inescapable group.
- They were unable to learn any new behaviors.
What does the latency to press a lever in the FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3 schedules indicate?
What does the latency to press a lever in the FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3 schedules indicate?
Which of the following groups showed poor escape behavior?
Which of the following groups showed poor escape behavior?
What factor was highlighted in Hiroto's experimental design?
What factor was highlighted in Hiroto's experimental design?
What outcome is associated with learned helplessness in this context?
What outcome is associated with learned helplessness in this context?
What was the primary behavior observed in the inescapable group during the trials?
What was the primary behavior observed in the inescapable group during the trials?
What behavior does a naive dog exhibit after receiving an inescapable shock initially?
What behavior does a naive dog exhibit after receiving an inescapable shock initially?
How does the experience of inescapable shock affect the dog's future responses?
How does the experience of inescapable shock affect the dog's future responses?
What cognitive perception issue is mentioned in relation to success in experimental situations?
What cognitive perception issue is mentioned in relation to success in experimental situations?
What impact does inescapable noise have on students in the study mentioned?
What impact does inescapable noise have on students in the study mentioned?
After a naive dog successfully escapes shock for the first time, how does its behavior change?
After a naive dog successfully escapes shock for the first time, how does its behavior change?
What characterizes the 'yoked' group in the triadic design?
What characterizes the 'yoked' group in the triadic design?
What is the primary conclusion regarding helplessness from the experiment?
What is the primary conclusion regarding helplessness from the experiment?
Which group demonstrated the highest escape rates during testing?
Which group demonstrated the highest escape rates during testing?
What was the function of the hammock treatment in the experiment?
What was the function of the hammock treatment in the experiment?
In the shuttle box test after the hammock treatment, which group showed the slowest responses?
In the shuttle box test after the hammock treatment, which group showed the slowest responses?
What aspect of the shock treatment was critical to the experiment's conclusion?
What aspect of the shock treatment was critical to the experiment's conclusion?
Which feature distinguishes the treatment of the naive control group from the other groups?
Which feature distinguishes the treatment of the naive control group from the other groups?
What was the implication of the outcomes following the treatment for each group?
What was the implication of the outcomes following the treatment for each group?
What does the basic triadic design aim to explain in the context of helplessness studies?
What does the basic triadic design aim to explain in the context of helplessness studies?
What was a key finding of Glass and Singer (1972) regarding controllability?
What was a key finding of Glass and Singer (1972) regarding controllability?
In the context of the Seligman and Maier (1967) study, which group of dogs was affected by the helplessness effect?
In the context of the Seligman and Maier (1967) study, which group of dogs was affected by the helplessness effect?
What effect does learning that relief is independent of responding have on behavior?
What effect does learning that relief is independent of responding have on behavior?
What is implied about the expectation of controllability in reducing stress according to the studies reviewed?
What is implied about the expectation of controllability in reducing stress according to the studies reviewed?
From which theories did the authors suggest readers consult for more information on helplessness?
From which theories did the authors suggest readers consult for more information on helplessness?
What is meant by the 'incentive to initiate voluntary responses' in a traumatic situation?
What is meant by the 'incentive to initiate voluntary responses' in a traumatic situation?
According to the content, how can a person be influenced to feel helpless without direct exposure to uncontrollable events?
According to the content, how can a person be influenced to feel helpless without direct exposure to uncontrollable events?
What is the cornerstone of the theory regarding controllability and responses?
What is the cornerstone of the theory regarding controllability and responses?
What does response-outcome independence indicate about an outcome?
What does response-outcome independence indicate about an outcome?
How does a belief in uncontrollability influence behavior?
How does a belief in uncontrollability influence behavior?
What role does responding in traumatic situations play according to the content?
What role does responding in traumatic situations play according to the content?
What can interfere with learning about response-outcome associations?
What can interfere with learning about response-outcome associations?
What is suggested by the term 'voluntary (outcome-sensitive) responses'?
What is suggested by the term 'voluntary (outcome-sensitive) responses'?
Which statement reflects the learning process when responses are deemed ineffective?
Which statement reflects the learning process when responses are deemed ineffective?
Which best describes the second step in the theory discussed?
Which best describes the second step in the theory discussed?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Experimental Design
- Triadic design involves three groups:
- One group with a controllable outcome (escape group).
- Second group (yoked) experiences the same outcome but lacks control.
- Third group (naive control) has no exposure to outcome.
Learning and Helplessness
- Helplessness arises not from trauma but from perceived uncontrollability of outcomes.
- Yoked group demonstrated slower responses in escape tasks compared to escape and naive groups.
- Control over outcomes leads to effective learning and avoidance behavior, highlighting the role of perceived control.
Experiment Results
- All groups underwent escape/avoidance training after initial treatments.
- The escape and naive groups quickly learned to navigate the shuttle box, while the yoked group struggled significantly.
- Six out of eight yoked subjects failed to escape shocks, illustrating the impact of perceived helplessness.
Cognitive Effects of Uncontrollability
- Experiments highlighted that learning about uncontrollable outcomes diminishes the likelihood of effective responses.
- Negative cognitive set emerged, where subjects believed their actions were ineffective.
- Initial experiences of inescapable conditions negatively affected subsequent ability to solve problems (e.g., anagrams).
Theoretical Implications
- Learning about response-outcome independence hampers subsequent learning about control.
- A belief in uncontrollability reduces motivation to initiate voluntary responses in stressful situations.
- Expectation of response independence can lead to learned helplessness even without direct exposure to uncontrollable conditions.
Summary of Key Findings
- Actual controllability creates positive outcomes, while perceived uncontrollability fosters helplessness.
- The importance of control perception in stress reduction and response initiation is critical in understanding behavioral patterns in both animals and humans.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
