Psychology Chapter 16 Therapy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Antipsychotic drugs?

  • Control manic episodes
  • Reduce overreaction to irrelevant stimuli (correct)
  • Increase CNS activity
  • Promote birth of new brain cells

    • What is the purpose of Antianxiety drugs?

    Depress CNS activity

    Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves administration of a general anesthetic and muscle relaxation to prevent convulsions.

    True

    Mood-stabilizing medications like Depakote are used to control _________ episodes.

    <p>manic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain stimulation therapy sends magnetic energy to the brain surface through a coiled wire?

    <p>TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis?

    <p>Bring patients’ repressed feelings into conscious awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavior therapies are insight therapies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key theme of humanistic therapies?

    <p>Emphasis on people’s potential for self-fulfillment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ conditioning is used to evoke new responses to stimuli triggering unwanted behaviors.

    <p>Counterconditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cognitive therapy techniques with their aim:

    <p>Question your interpretations = Reveal beliefs Test beliefs = Examine consequences Decatastrophize thinking = Work through actual worst-case consequences Change beliefs = Challenge total self-blame and negative thinking Resist extremes = Develop new ways of thinking and feeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

    <p>An integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy to alter the way people act and think.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy is used when client problems involve interactions with others?

    <p>Group therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family therapy treats individuals' unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In self-help groups, more than 100 million Americans have participated in small religious, interest, or support groups that meet regularly to combat feelings of _______ and isolation.

    <p>loneliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of psychotherapy with the presumed problem they aim to address:

    <p>Psychodynamic Therapy = Unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences and self-acceptance Cognitive Behavioral Therapy = Self-harmful thoughts and behaviors Group and Family Therapy = Stressful relationships and family dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Therapy

    • Psychotherapy is a talking treatment for psychological disorders
    • Trained therapists use psychological techniques to assist individuals in overcoming difficulties or achieving personal growth

    Approaches to Therapy

    • Psychoanalytic therapy: focuses on unconscious feelings and thoughts, uses techniques like free association and dream analysis
    • Psychodynamic therapy: derived from psychoanalysis, but briefer and more focused on current symptoms
    • Humanistic therapy: emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, focuses on present and future
    • Behavioral therapy: applies learning principles to modify problem behaviors
    • Cognitive therapy: helps people identify and change negative thought patterns

    Psychodynamic Therapies

    • Goals: bring unconscious feelings into conscious awareness, release energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts
    • Techniques: historical reconstruction, free association, transference, and resistance interpretation

    Humanistic Therapies

    • Goals: reduce inner conflicts, promote self-awareness and self-acceptance
    • Techniques: person-centered therapy, active listening, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding

    Behavior Therapies

    • Techniques:
      • Counterconditioning: associates new responses with stimuli
      • Exposure therapies: treats anxieties by exposing people to feared stimuli
      • Systematic desensitization: associates relaxation with anxiety-provoking stimuli
    • Virtual reality exposure therapy: uses electronic simulations to treat anxieties
    • Operant conditioning therapy: applies consequences to modify behavior
    • Token economy: uses rewards to modify behavior

    Cognitive Therapies

    • Goals: teach more adaptive ways of thinking and behaving
    • Techniques:
      • Identify and challenge negative self-talk
      • Develop more realistic and balanced thinking
      • Identify and modify beliefs and attitudes
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): combines cognitive therapy with behavioral techniques

    Group and Family Therapies

    • Group therapy: treats individuals in a group setting, focuses on social interactions and skills
    • Family therapy: treats the family as a system, focuses on relationships and interactions

    Evaluating Psychotherapies

    • Psychotherapy is effective, but difficult to evaluate due to placebo effect and other factors
    • Some therapies are more effective for specific problems (e.g., cognitive therapy for depression and anxiety)

    Cultural and Values in Psychotherapy

    • Psychotherapists' personal beliefs and values influence their practice
    • Cultural and moral differences can create a mismatch between therapist and client### Finding a Mental Health Professional
    • Important considerations when seeking therapy:
    • Treatment approach
    • Values
    • Credentials
    • Fees
    • Comfort and bond with the therapist

    Therapists and Their Training

    • Clinical psychologists:
    • Typically hold a Ph.D. or Psy.D. with research training and supervised internship
    • Often work in agencies, institutions, and private practice
    • Psychiatrists:
    • Physicians specializing in psychological disorders
    • Can prescribe medications
    • Often see patients with serious problems
    • Clinical or psychiatric social workers:
    • Hold a two-year master's degree in social work
    • Often work with people with everyday personal and family problems
    • Counselors:
    • Specialize in areas like family and couples therapy, abuse counseling, and mental health counseling

    Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders

    • Psychopharmacology:
    • Studies drug effects on the mind and behavior
    • Has led to the widespread use of drug therapy
    • Drug therapies:
    • Most widely used biomedical treatments
    • 27 million Americans take prescribed antidepressants
    • Use placebo and double-blind techniques to evaluate effectiveness

    Drug Therapies

    • Antipsychotic drugs:
    • Mimic certain neurotransmitters and reduce overreaction to irrelevant stimuli
    • May produce side effects like sluggishness, tremors, and tardive dyskinesia
    • Used to treat schizophrenia
    • Antianxiety drugs:
    • Depress CNS activity
    • Used in combination with psychological therapy
    • May reduce symptoms without resolving underlying problems
    • Antidepressant drugs:
    • Increase availability of norepinephrine or serotonin
    • Promote the birth of new brain cells
    • Effectiveness sometimes questioned due to spontaneous recovery and placebo effect
    • Mood-stabilizing medications:
    • Depakote controls manic episodes
    • Lithium levels out the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder

    Brain Stimulation

    • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):
    • Manipulates the brain by shocking it
    • Administered under anesthesia and muscle relaxation
    • Causes less memory disruption than earlier versions
    • Reduces suicidal thoughts
    • Alternative neurostimulation therapies:
    • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS): Administers a weak current directly to the scalp
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): Sends magnetic energy to the brain surface
    • Deep brain stimulation: Manipulates the depressed brain via pacemaker
    • Psychosurgery:
    • Removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior
    • Least used biomedical therapy

    Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience

    • Preventive mental health programs work to build resilience
    • Focus on changing oppressive environments into nurturing ones that foster growth and self-confidence
    • Resilience is a personal strength that helps cope with stress and recover from adversity and trauma

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of therapy, evaluating psychotherapies, and biomedical therapies. It also explores preventing psychological disorders.

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