Psychology Chapter 16 Therapy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Antipsychotic drugs?

Control manic episodes

Reduce overreaction to irrelevant stimuli (correct)

Increase CNS activity

Promote birth of new brain cells

What is the purpose of Antianxiety drugs?

Depress CNS activity

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves administration of a general anesthetic and muscle relaxation to prevent convulsions.

True

Mood-stabilizing medications like Depakote are used to control _________ episodes.

manic Signup and view all the answers

What brain stimulation therapy sends magnetic energy to the brain surface through a coiled wire?

TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis?

Bring patients’ repressed feelings into conscious awareness Signup and view all the answers

Behavior therapies are insight therapies.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the key theme of humanistic therapies?

Emphasis on people’s potential for self-fulfillment Signup and view all the answers

________ conditioning is used to evoke new responses to stimuli triggering unwanted behaviors.

Counterconditioning Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cognitive therapy techniques with their aim:

Question your interpretations = Reveal beliefs Test beliefs = Examine consequences Decatastrophize thinking = Work through actual worst-case consequences Change beliefs = Challenge total self-blame and negative thinking Resist extremes = Develop new ways of thinking and feeling Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

An integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy to alter the way people act and think. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy is used when client problems involve interactions with others?

Group therapy Signup and view all the answers

Family therapy treats individuals' unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members.

True Signup and view all the answers

In self-help groups, more than 100 million Americans have participated in small religious, interest, or support groups that meet regularly to combat feelings of _______ and isolation.

loneliness Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of psychotherapy with the presumed problem they aim to address:

Psychodynamic Therapy = Unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences and self-acceptance Cognitive Behavioral Therapy = Self-harmful thoughts and behaviors Group and Family Therapy = Stressful relationships and family dynamics Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Therapy

Psychotherapy is a talking treatment for psychological disorders
Trained therapists use psychological techniques to assist individuals in overcoming difficulties or achieving personal growth

Approaches to Therapy

Psychoanalytic therapy: focuses on unconscious feelings and thoughts, uses techniques like free association and dream analysis
Psychodynamic therapy: derived from psychoanalysis, but briefer and more focused on current symptoms
Humanistic therapy: emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, focuses on present and future
Behavioral therapy: applies learning principles to modify problem behaviors
Cognitive therapy: helps people identify and change negative thought patterns

Psychodynamic Therapies

Goals: bring unconscious feelings into conscious awareness, release energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts
Techniques: historical reconstruction, free association, transference, and resistance interpretation

Humanistic Therapies

Goals: reduce inner conflicts, promote self-awareness and self-acceptance
Techniques: person-centered therapy, active listening, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding

Behavior Therapies

Techniques:
- Counterconditioning: associates new responses with stimuli
- Exposure therapies: treats anxieties by exposing people to feared stimuli
- Systematic desensitization: associates relaxation with anxiety-provoking stimuli
Virtual reality exposure therapy: uses electronic simulations to treat anxieties
Operant conditioning therapy: applies consequences to modify behavior
Token economy: uses rewards to modify behavior

Cognitive Therapies

Goals: teach more adaptive ways of thinking and behaving
Techniques:
- Identify and challenge negative self-talk
- Develop more realistic and balanced thinking
- Identify and modify beliefs and attitudes
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): combines cognitive therapy with behavioral techniques

Group and Family Therapies

Group therapy: treats individuals in a group setting, focuses on social interactions and skills
Family therapy: treats the family as a system, focuses on relationships and interactions

Evaluating Psychotherapies

Psychotherapy is effective, but difficult to evaluate due to placebo effect and other factors
Some therapies are more effective for specific problems (e.g., cognitive therapy for depression and anxiety)

Cultural and Values in Psychotherapy

Psychotherapists' personal beliefs and values influence their practice
Cultural and moral differences can create a mismatch between therapist and client### Finding a Mental Health Professional
Important considerations when seeking therapy:
Treatment approach
Values
Credentials
Fees
Comfort and bond with the therapist

Therapists and Their Training

Clinical psychologists:
Typically hold a Ph.D. or Psy.D. with research training and supervised internship
Often work in agencies, institutions, and private practice
Psychiatrists:
Physicians specializing in psychological disorders
Can prescribe medications
Often see patients with serious problems
Clinical or psychiatric social workers:
Hold a two-year master's degree in social work
Often work with people with everyday personal and family problems
Counselors:
Specialize in areas like family and couples therapy, abuse counseling, and mental health counseling

Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders

Psychopharmacology:
Studies drug effects on the mind and behavior
Has led to the widespread use of drug therapy
Drug therapies:
Most widely used biomedical treatments
27 million Americans take prescribed antidepressants
Use placebo and double-blind techniques to evaluate effectiveness

Drug Therapies

Antipsychotic drugs:
Mimic certain neurotransmitters and reduce overreaction to irrelevant stimuli
May produce side effects like sluggishness, tremors, and tardive dyskinesia
Used to treat schizophrenia
Antianxiety drugs:
Depress CNS activity
Used in combination with psychological therapy
May reduce symptoms without resolving underlying problems
Antidepressant drugs:
Increase availability of norepinephrine or serotonin
Promote the birth of new brain cells
Effectiveness sometimes questioned due to spontaneous recovery and placebo effect
Mood-stabilizing medications:
Depakote controls manic episodes
Lithium levels out the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder

Brain Stimulation

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):
Manipulates the brain by shocking it
Administered under anesthesia and muscle relaxation
Causes less memory disruption than earlier versions
Reduces suicidal thoughts
Alternative neurostimulation therapies:
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS): Administers a weak current directly to the scalp
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): Sends magnetic energy to the brain surface
Deep brain stimulation: Manipulates the depressed brain via pacemaker
Psychosurgery:
Removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior
Least used biomedical therapy

Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience

Preventive mental health programs work to build resilience
Focus on changing oppressive environments into nurturing ones that foster growth and self-confidence
Resilience is a personal strength that helps cope with stress and recover from adversity and trauma

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of therapy, evaluating psychotherapies, and biomedical therapies. It also explores preventing psychological disorders.