Psychology: Theories of Self

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the False Self as described by Winnicott?

To protect the True Self from vulnerability (correct)

To fulfill societal expectations without question

To express one's true feelings openly

To manipulate others for personal gain

What does Winnicott mean by 'the good-enough mother'?

A figure who remains emotionally distant from the child

A parent who is perfect in every way

A caregiver who attempts to meet the child's needs most of the time (correct)

A mother who always prioritizes her own needs

What may cause a child to develop compliant behavior according to Winnicott?

Strong opposition to their natural desires

Inadequate responses from their caregivers (correct)

Consistent encouragement from parents

A strong sense of independence

How does the development of a False Self impact an individual's emotional expression?

It leads to a concealment of their true feelings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the True Self and external support?

External support strengthens the belief in one’s true desires Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'I' in William James' theory of self represent?

The self that knows who they are Signup and view all the answers

Which component of self-concept refers to the perception of 'what I am'?

Real Self Signup and view all the answers

According to Carl Rogers, what do humans strive for?

Self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between self-concept and self-esteem?

Self-esteem is part of self-concept, not the other way around. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary influence on the development of self-concept?

Interactions with significant people Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

William James' Theory of Self

Differentiation between "I-SELF" (subjective self) and "Me-SELF" (objective self).
The "I" represents the self that thinks, acts, and experiences.
The "Me" is the self that is known and perceived by others, encompassing personal thoughts, feelings, and social roles.
James' theory emphasizes the dynamic nature of self and its social influences.

Self-Concept

Self-concept is how individuals perceive themselves, shaped by interactions with significant others.
Influences include beliefs about abilities and characteristics, such as being a "good friend" or "kind person."
It is integral to understanding one's identity and behavior.

Carl Rogers' Self Theory

Rogers defines self as a flexible perception of personal identity, developed through significant interactions.
He highlights two components of self-concept:
- Real Self: Represents current self-awareness and identity.
- Ideal Self: The aspirational version of oneself that one strives to become.
Emphasis on the human drive for self-actualization.

Self-Esteem vs. Self-Concept

Self-esteem is a component of self-concept, but they are not interchangeable.
Self-concept answers "Who am I?" and encompasses awareness of tendencies, thoughts, and abilities.
According to Rogers, self-esteem is integral to one's overall self-concept.

D.W. Winnicott: True and False Self

Introduces the concept of the False Self as a protective measure for the vulnerable True Self.
The development influenced by the “good-enough mother,” who provides consistency and care, helping children feel understood.
When parental responses are inadequate, children may conform to environments, creating a False Self to cope with unmet desires.
This conformity is an unconscious protective behavior, often leading to disconnection from authentic needs and desires.