Psychology Theoretical Knowledge & Research Methods

Which of the following best illustrates the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of schizophrenia?

Which of the following statements about DSM-5-TR is TRUE?

Which research method is best suited to determine whether early childhood trauma increases the risk of developing mood disorders in adulthood?

What is a major limitation of using experimental research in psychopathology?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most directly implicated in the reinforcing effects of addictive substances?

A 28-year-old man reports experiencing persistent intrusive thoughts about harming others, even though he has no desire to act on them. To manage his anxiety, he engages in repeated rituals such as counting in sets of five before leaving the house. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following symptoms would most clearly differentiate PTSD from panic disorder?

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of borderline personality disorder?

A patient with schizophrenia shows significant improvement when taking an antipsychotic medication, but also develops involuntary facial movements. Which of the following side effects is most likely responsible?

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes bipolar I disorder from bipolar II disorder?

Which of the following findings best supports the hypothesis that major depressive disorder has a biological basis?

Which of the following symptoms must be present to diagnose schizophrenia?

Which of the following is a primary feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A child with a history of multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) exhibits emotional dysregulation, difficulty forming attachments, and hypervigilance. Which disorder is most likely?

Which of the following therapeutic approaches would be most appropriate for a patient with PTSD who experiences extreme avoidance of trauma-related stimuli?

The DSM-5-TR has completely abandoned categorical classification in favor of a dimensional model.

The presence of hallucinations alone is sufficient for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) is designed to minimize the risk of re-traumatization in clinical settings.

A high score on the ACEs questionnaire predicts inevitable mental health problems in adulthood.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is primarily used for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.

Cultural factors influence how mental disorders are expressed and diagnosed.

Schizophrenia is caused solely by environmental factors.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by alternating multiple personalities with gaps in memory.

Exposure therapy is a widely used treatment for PTSD.

Personality disorders are typically diagnosed in childhood.

Preventing re-traumatization while collecting data is a primary ethical concern when conducting research on individuals with a history of trauma.

Ethical research on trauma must ensure participants are not re-traumatized by study procedures.

The expansion of diagnostic criteria in DSM-5-TR may contribute to over-diagnosis and medicalizing normal behaviors.

The categorical model assumes people either have or don't have a disorder, failing to adequately account for symptom severity variations.

Having a stable and nurturing caregiver is an example of a Protective Childhood Experience (PCE).

The DSM-5-TR still uses categorical classification but integrates some dimensional elements.

Schizophrenia requires at least two symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.

Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) focuses on creating safe clinical environments to avoid re-traumatization.

Not everyone with high ACE scores develops mental disorders- resilience and PCEs play a role in mitigating risks.

ECT is used for severe, treatment-resistant depression, especially with suicidality.

Culture impacts symptom expression (e.g., in some cultures, depression manifests as physical symptoms like pain rather than sadness).

Schizophrenia has both genetic and environmental influences (e.g., dopamine dysregulation + prenatal complications).

DID involves multiple identities and memory gaps between personality states.

Exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for PTSD, gradually confronting trauma-related triggers.

Personality disorders are diagnosed in adulthood, though traits often appear in adolescence.