Questions and Answers
What is a survey?
Research technique for acquiring data
What does target population refer to?
Total group to be studied or described and from whom samples may be drawn
What is a sample?
Small part of target population
What is a random sample?
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What is a stratified sample?
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What does generalizing results mean?
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What is bias in research?
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What is volunteer bias?
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What is an experiment?
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What are variables in research?
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What is an independent variable?
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What is a dependent variable?
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What is an experimental group?
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What is a control group?
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What is a controlled experiment?
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What is a placebo?
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What is the placebo effect?
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What is a single blind study?
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What is a double blind study?
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What is the Hawthorne effect?
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Study Notes
Research Techniques
- Survey: A method used to gather data for research purposes.
- Target Population: The complete group being researched, from which samples are drawn.
- Sample: A subset of the target population used for analysis.
Sampling Methods
- Random Sample: A selection method where participants are chosen by chance; may not always accurately reflect the general population.
- Stratified Sample: Participants are selected based on known subgroups, ensuring accurate representation proportional to their prevalence in the population.
Generalization and Bias
- Generalizing Results: Results cannot be extended beyond the sample to the larger population.
- Bias: A tendency to favor one perspective over others, potentially skewing research findings.
- Volunteer Bias: Individuals who choose to participate in studies may differ significantly from those who do not.
Experimental Design
- Experiment: Involves treatment given to participants to observe its effects on behavior.
- Variables: Factors that can change within an experiment.
- Independent Variable: The factor manipulated by the researcher to observe effects.
- Dependent Variable: The outcome that is measured, which changes in response to the independent variable.
- Experimental Group: The group that receives the treatment in the experiment.
- Control Group: The group that does not receive treatment, used for comparison.
Types of Experiments
- Controlled Experiment: An experiment that includes both control and experimental groups to evaluate the treatment's effects.
- Placebo: An inactive substance intended to create a psychological impact based on belief rather than pharmacological effect.
- Placebo Effect: Improvement in condition due to the belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself.
Study Methodologies
- Single Blind Study: Participants are unaware of whether they are receiving treatment or a placebo.
- Double Blind Study: Neither researchers nor participants know who is receiving treatment, minimizing bias.
- Hawthorne Effect: The phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior due to increased attention from being observed.
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Test your knowledge on key terms related to psychology surveys with these flashcards. Each card features a word and its definition, helping you understand crucial concepts like target populations and sampling methods. Ideal for psychology students and enthusiasts!