Psychology: Substance Use Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is a criterion for pharmacological substance use disorder?

Peer group influences

Long-term cognitive deficits

Withdrawal symptoms (correct)

Availability of drugs

Which of the following is NOT a specific substance use disorder?

Cannabis use disorder

Alcohol use disorder

Food use disorder (correct)

Tobacco use disorder

What is a contributing factor to regular substance use?

Mood alteration effects (correct)

Concurrent psychiatric diagnoses

Poverty

Gene7c predisposi7on

What is a treatment option for substance use disorders?

Community-based programmes Signup and view all the answers

What is a pharmacological criterion for substance use disorder?

Tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to the aetiology of substance use disorders?

Media influences Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a reason for regular substance use?

Gene7c predisposi7on Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of substance use disorders?

Long-term cognitive deficits Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between substance abuse and substance dependency?

Substance abuse occurs despite knowledge of the negative effects, while substance dependency involves a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a diagnosis that includes both substance abuse and substance dependency?

Substance use disorder (SUD) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criterion for impaired control in substance use disorders?

The individual spends a significant amount of time obtaining the substance and recovering from its effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the intense desire or urge for the substance that may occur at any time?

Craving Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of social impairment in substance use disorders?

The individual withdraws from family activities and hobbies in order to use the substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for substance use that occurs in situations in which it is physically hazardous?

Risky use Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a pattern of drug use that occurs despite knowledge of the negative effects?

Substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criterion for substance use disorders?

The individual continues to use the substance despite significant substance-related problems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Substance Use Disorders

Substance abuse: A pattern of drug or substance use despite knowledge of negative effects, but without full-blown dependency.
Substance dependency: A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating continued use despite significant substance-related problems.
Substance use disorder (SUD): Where an individual has at least one substance disorder diagnosis, whether it is a general diagnosis of substance dependency or abuse, or a more specific substance category disorder.

General Diagnostic Criteria

Impaired control: • Substance taken for longer than originally intended. • Reports desire to cut down, but with multiple unsuccessful efforts to quit. • Individual spends a significant amount of time obtaining the substance and recovering from its effects. • In severe cases, virtually all the individual's daily activities revolve around the substance. • Craving is manifested by an intense desire or urge for the substance that may occur at any time.
Social impairment: • Substance use results in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home. • Individual persists with substance use despite recurrent social and interpersonal problems caused by the substance. • The individual may withdraw from family activities and hobbies in order to use the substance.
Risky use: • Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous. • The individual continues to take the substance despite knowledge of persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems caused by the substance.
Pharmacological criteria: • Tolerance is signalled by requiring increasing doses of the substance to achieve the desired effects. • The individual experiences withdrawal symptoms, and continues to take the substance in order to relieve these withdrawal symptoms.

Specific Substance Use Disorders

Alcohol Use disorder
Tobacco use disorder
Cannabis use disorder
Stimulant use disorder (Cocaine, Amphetamines, Caffeine)
Sedative use disorders (Opiates)
Hallucinogen-related disorders (LSD, ecstasy)

Aetiology of Substance Use Disorders

Experimentation: • Availability of drugs (legality and cost), familial factors (family member use or problematic family environment), peer group influences (group use or peer pressure), media influences (advertising)
Regular use: • Mood alteration effects (experienced positively), self-medication (done to alleviate perceived or real problems, usually of a psychological nature), long-term expectations and beliefs (positive in nature), cultural variables (how they perceive and advocate for use)
Abuse and dependence: • Genetic predisposition, long-term substance-induced cognitive deficits (underachievement academically, motivationally, cognitively), concurrent psychiatric diagnoses (comorbid disorders increasing stressors and psychiatric comorbidity results in less likely to consider drugs problematic), poverty

Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Community-based programs (e.g.)

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of substance abuse and substance dependency, including their definitions and characteristics.