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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of operant conditioning according to Skinner?
In the context of Stage 8 of Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what does a greater sense of integrity lead to?
According to Behaviorism, where do all behaviors come from?
What is the primary goal of behavioral therapy?
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Which learning theory emphasizes that behaviors are acquired based on prior consequences?
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In classical conditioning, what does the learning process involve?
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What is the main difference between Developmental tasks and Ego integrity as per the text?
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Who reports the highest levels of loneliness?
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Which theory proposes that declines in social network involvement in later life reflect societal rejection of the elderly?
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In the context of developmental stages, what does generativity refer to?
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Which stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Theory involves the conflict between integrity and despair?
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What is the primary focus during the Identity vs Identity confusion stage of development?
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Which behavior would indicate a struggle in the Intimacy vs Isolation stage of development?
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During which stage is the task to feel contribution to society and future generations most prominent?
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What is a potential consequence of unresolved developmental issues during the Generativity vs Stagnation stage?
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Which stage focuses on establishing intimate relationships across personal, social, and work aspects of life?
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What is a common struggle faced by individuals who are overly focused on relationships during the Generativity vs Stagnation stage?
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Study Notes
Developmental Stages and Psychological Well-being
- Goals that reflect themes of psychological well-being are associated with greater well-being
- Developmental tasks in later life focus on emotionally meaningful activities and deriving a sense of integrity about one's life
Social Network Involvement and Theories
- Disengagement Theory: proposes that older adults voluntarily disengage from social roles and relationships to reflect on their lives
- Activity Theory: suggests that societal rejection of or distancing from elderly leads to declines in social network involvement in later life
Stage 8 - Integrity vs Despair (Late Adulthood)
- This stage involves finding a balance between a sense of integrity and a sense of despair
- Greater sense of integrity is achieved by integrating life experiences and making meaning
Learning Theory
- Learning theorists believe that behavior is a consequence of experiences in the immediate environment
- Behaviorism focuses on learning through interaction with the environment
- Behavioral therapy aims to change behavior through rewards and punishment
- Classical conditioning involves creating a conditioned response through associations between stimuli
- Operant conditioning involves acquiring behavior through prior consequences
Stage 5 - Identity vs Identity Confusion (Adolescence)
- This stage involves exploring possible identities and social roles
- Kids who are not allowed to explore their identity may experience role confusion and react negatively
Stage 6 - Intimacy vs Isolation (Young Adulthood)
- This stage involves establishing intimate relationships in personal, social, and work lives
- Struggling in this stage can lead to being overly focused on relationships, overly identified in a relationship, or socially isolated
Stage 7 - Generativity vs Stagnation (Adulthood)
- The task of this stage is feeling a contribution to society and succeeding generations
- Midlife crisis can occur when there is a feeling of stagnation or a need to fix what can be worked on
- Developmental issues in this stage can lead to being overly involved in social work or becoming cynical and disconnected
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Description
Explore the final developmental stage of Integrity vs Despair that deals with achieving a sense of integrity or succumbing to despair in late adulthood. Understand how individuals integrate their life experiences to find meaning, or struggle with feelings of sadness and loneliness. Learn about Learning Theory and how behavior is influenced by immediate environmental experiences.
