Psychology: Sensation and Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of sensation?

  • To interpret and understand sensory information
  • To focus attention on certain stimuli
  • To detect and encode sensory information from the environment (correct)
  • To influence perception through motivation
  • What is the process of interpreting and understanding the meaning of sensory information?

  • Motivation
  • Perception (correct)
  • Attention
  • Sensation
  • What influences what we perceive and how we interpret sensory information?

  • Past experiences
  • Expectations
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Emotions
  • What type of processing is driven by sensory information itself?

    <p>Bottom-up processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size despite changes in distance or viewing angle?

    <p>Size constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences how we perceive and respond to sensory information?

    <p>Emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processing uses prior knowledge and expectations to influence perception?

    <p>Top-down processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their shape despite changes in viewing angle or orientation?

    <p>Shape constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Sensation and Perception

    • Sensation: The process of detecting and encoding sensory information from the environment through our senses (e.g., seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, smelling).
    • Perception: The process of interpreting and understanding the meaning of sensory information, including recognition, identification, and organization of sensory stimuli.

    Difference between Sensation and Perception

    • Sensation is a more primitive and automatic process, whereas perception is a more complex and cognitive process.
    • Sensation is concerned with the physical properties of stimuli, whereas perception is concerned with the meaning and significance of stimuli.

    Factors Influencing Perception

    • Attention: Focusing on certain stimuli or aspects of the environment can influence what we perceive.
    • Motivation: Our desires, needs, and goals can influence how we perceive and interpret sensory information.
    • Expectations: Our prior experiences, beliefs, and expectations can influence what we perceive and how we interpret it.
    • Emotions: Our emotional state can influence how we perceive and respond to sensory information.
    • Past experiences: Our past experiences and learning can influence how we perceive and interpret sensory information.

    Types of Perception

    • Bottom-up processing: Perception is driven by the sensory information itself, with the brain processing the information from the individual components up to the overall pattern.
    • Top-down processing: Perception is driven by our expectations, past experiences, and prior knowledge, with the brain using this information to influence how we interpret sensory information.

    Perceptual Constancies

    • Size constancy: The ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size despite changes in distance or viewing angle.
    • Shape constancy: The ability to perceive objects as maintaining their shape despite changes in viewing angle or orientation.
    • Color constancy: The ability to perceive objects as maintaining their color despite changes in lighting conditions.

    Illusions and Biases

    • Optical illusions: Misinterpretations of visual stimuli, often due to the brain's tendency to make assumptions about the environment.
    • Cognitive biases: Systematic errors in thinking and perception, often due to the influence of prior knowledge, expectations, and emotions.

    The Role of the Brain in Perception

    • Sensory cortex: The part of the brain responsible for processing sensory information from the environment.
    • Association cortex: The part of the brain responsible for integrating sensory information and creating a meaningful perception of the world.

    Sensation and Perception

    • Sensation is the process of detecting and encoding sensory information from the environment through our senses (e.g., seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, smelling).
    • Perception is the process of interpreting and understanding the meaning of sensory information, including recognition, identification, and organization of sensory stimuli.

    Difference between Sensation and Perception

    • Sensation is a more primitive and automatic process, whereas perception is a more complex and cognitive process.
    • Sensation is concerned with the physical properties of stimuli, whereas perception is concerned with the meaning and significance of stimuli.

    Factors Influencing Perception

    • Attention influences what we perceive by focusing on certain stimuli or aspects of the environment.
    • Motivation influences how we perceive and interpret sensory information based on our desires, needs, and goals.
    • Expectations influence what we perceive and how we interpret it based on our prior experiences, beliefs, and expectations.
    • Emotions influence how we perceive and respond to sensory information based on our emotional state.
    • Past experiences influence how we perceive and interpret sensory information based on our past experiences and learning.

    Types of Perception

    • Bottom-up processing is driven by the sensory information itself, with the brain processing the information from the individual components up to the overall pattern.
    • Top-down processing is driven by our expectations, past experiences, and prior knowledge, with the brain using this information to influence how we interpret sensory information.

    Perceptual Constancies

    • Size constancy allows us to perceive objects as maintaining their size despite changes in distance or viewing angle.
    • Shape constancy allows us to perceive objects as maintaining their shape despite changes in viewing angle or orientation.
    • Color constancy allows us to perceive objects as maintaining their color despite changes in lighting conditions.

    Illusions and Biases

    • Optical illusions are misinterpretations of visual stimuli, often due to the brain's tendency to make assumptions about the environment.
    • Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking and perception, often due to the influence of prior knowledge, expectations, and emotions.

    The Role of the Brain in Perception

    • The sensory cortex is the part of the brain responsible for processing sensory information from the environment.
    • The association cortex is the part of the brain responsible for integrating sensory information and creating a meaningful perception of the world.

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    Understand the difference between sensation and perception, the processes of detecting and interpreting sensory information from the environment.

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