Psychology Self-Esteem Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method suggested for improving self-predictions regarding task completion?

Ignoring past task durations

Being realistic about how long past tasks took (correct)

Setting more optimistic deadlines

Consulting peers for their estimates

What emotional reaction did most women report feeling when faced with sexually harassing questions during an interview?

Excitement

Fear (correct)

Guilt

Surprise

What term describes the tendency to overestimate the enduring impact of emotional events?

Impact bias (correct)

Emotional resilience

Social acceptance

Implicit attitude

How can explicit attitudes be modified according to the content?

With education and persuasion Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT contribute to Self-Esteem according to the content?

Emotional resilience Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is linked with the desire to avoid social rejection in the context of Self-Esteem?

Taking greater sensitivity to others’ expectations Signup and view all the answers

What consequence did students with boosted self-esteem experience in their final psychology exam?

They flunked the exam Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Dual attitudes' as discussed in the content?

Holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is learned helplessness primarily characterized by?

A feeling of hopelessness and resignation. Signup and view all the answers

According to self-determination principles, what is one effect of providing individuals with control over their environments?

A decrease in health problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary identity approach emphasized in collectivist cultures?

Prioritizing the goals of one's group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drawback of having excess choices?

It can result in decision paralysis. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the findings from the Twenty Statements Test regarding American and Japanese self-descriptions?

Japanese individuals emphasize situational answers whereas Americans use trait descriptions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the tendency to see oneself as more ethical than the average person?

Self-enhancement bias Signup and view all the answers

Self-serving bias refers to what tendency?

Seeing oneself favorably and attributing successes to self. Signup and view all the answers

In Filipino culture, how is the identity of an individual primarily defined?

In relation to their family and community Signup and view all the answers

Which effect describes the tendency to believe that one's own opinions and behaviors are more widely shared than they actually are?

False consensus effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents how Americans typically view self-esteem?

High self-esteem associated with feeling effective and superior Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is described by self-handicapping?

Attributing failures to external factors for image protection Signup and view all the answers

What effect does self-serving bias often have on individual assessments of events?

It results in external attribution for negative outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What has research indicated about individuals who perceive themselves as having free choice?

They have more satisfied lives. Signup and view all the answers

What major aspect distinguishes Asian self-esteem from that of Americans?

Asians emphasize positive social engagement in self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with illusory optimism?

Increased vulnerability to misfortune Signup and view all the answers

In impression management, what is the primary goal of self-presentation?

To create a favorable image of oneself Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of group-serving bias?

Believing one's group is generally superior to others. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about predicting our own behavior?

Others, such as roommates, can assess our behavior better than we can. Signup and view all the answers

Young married Canadians often believed they took more responsibility for household tasks than their spouses perceived. This reflects which psychological phenomenon?

Self-enhancement bias Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the tendency to underestimate task completion time?

Planning Fallacy Signup and view all the answers

How do people typically perceive their own self-serving biases?

They often believe they do not commit this bias. Signup and view all the answers

The false uniqueness effect leads individuals to underestimate what aspect of themselves?

Commonality of their abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about self-knowledge is true?

Subtle predictors often go unnoticed in explaining our behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What underlying concern drives self-presentation behaviors?

An effort to maintain a positive self-image Signup and view all the answers

What does the spotlight effect refer to?

The belief that others pay more attention to your appearance than they actually do. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to the development of self-concept?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What are common issues faced by individuals with low self-esteem?

They are more likely to abuse drugs and face depression. Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-schema?

Beliefs that aid in organizing one's identity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between high self-esteem and certain negative behaviors according to the content?

High self-esteem is associated with becoming gang leaders and committing crimes. Signup and view all the answers

How are culture and self viewed in cultural psychology?

As mutually constitutive. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in self-esteem have on narcissism and aggression?

It increases both narcissism and aggression. Signup and view all the answers

How does self-efficacy influence performance on challenging tasks?

Those with higher self-efficacy imagine themselves as successful and outperform others. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes individualism?

Focusing on one's personal identity and goals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the looking-glass self?

Evaluating one's self-perception based on how others view them. Signup and view all the answers

What does a strong internal locus of control imply about an individual's beliefs?

They feel they control their own destiny. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best exemplifies a person with an external locus of control?

I failed because my teacher was unfair. Signup and view all the answers

What role do successes and failures play in the development of self?

They help shape one's social self-concept over time. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to in the context provided?

The belief in one's competence and effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

Possible selves refer to:

Images of what one hopes to become or fears becoming. Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes a person who believes they have little control over their life?

Success is largely out of my control. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

This chapter explores the concept of self in a social context.
Benjamin Franklin's quote highlights the difficulty of knowing oneself.
The chapter outline reveals topics like spotlights & illusions, self-concept, self-esteem, perceived self-control, self-serving bias, and self-presentation.

Spotlights & Illusions

Spotlight effect: Individuals believe others pay more attention to their appearance and behavior than actually is the case.
Illusion of transparency: The belief that concealed emotions are easily read by others.

Self-Concept: Who Am I?

Self-concept: A person's answers to the question "Who am I?".
Self-concept includes an idea of oneself, is multidimensional and multifaceted, and is constantly changing based on moment-to-moment thoughts and social contexts.
Schemas are mental templates people use to organize their understandings of the world, influencing how they define themselves.
Self-schemas are specific beliefs that shape how people see themselves.
Possible selves are thoughts of what individuals hope to become or fear becoming in the future

Roles influence self-perception, whether as a student, parent, or salesperson.
Social comparisons: Evaluating abilities and opinions through comparisons with others.
Success and failure influence social self.
Other people's perceptions can greatly affect one's self-perception.
Looking-glass self is the theory that individuals use others as mirrors to shape self-perception.

Culture and Self

Individualism prioritizes individual goals over group goals, defining identity through personal attributes.
Collectivism prioritizes group goals and defines identity through group membership.
Twenty Statements Test (Cousins, 1989): Reveals that Americans use more trait descriptions when describing themselves, while Japanese descriptions focus more on roles and situations.
In Bali, identity isn't primarily by name but by relation to family members.
Filipinos, and the concept of "kapwa" emphasize the importance of connection to others

Self-Esteem

Self-esteem: Individuals' overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
Self-esteem can vary based on circumstances.
Self-perceptions can greatly influence self-evaluation.
Self-esteem correlates with behaviour.
High versus low self-esteem can affect different outcomes.
Narcissistic tendencies can be a consequence of high self-esteem.
Self-esteem fluctuates in response to successes and failures, as well as other social interactions

Perceived Self-Control

Self-efficacy is a sense of competence and effectiveness. Competence perception is connected to challenging tasks. People who expect success tend to outperform those with negative self-images.
Locus of control: Individuals beliefs about the extent to which their outcomes are internal (own efforts) vs external (random luck).
Learned helplessness is a condition marked by hopelessness and resignation perceived when a human or animal believes there's no control over bad events.

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias: The tendency to present oneself positively.
Group-serving bias: The tendency to perceive one's group favorably.
Most individuals view themselves in a positive light and tend to think they are better than average
Positive events are often attributed to internal qualities, while negative events are blamed on external factors.

Unrealistic Optimism

Unrealistic optimism: The tendency to perceive oneself as less vulnerable to negative events than others.
In high risk situations, perceived immunity can result in more risk taking behaviour.

False Consensus and Uniqueness

False consensus effect: Overestimating the commonality of one’s opinions and undesirable behaviors.
False uniqueness effect: Underestimating the commonality of one’s abilities and desirable behaviors.

Self-Presentation

Self-presentation: The act of expressing oneself and behaving to create a favorable impression.
Impression management: Presenting a desired image to both external audiences and internal selves.
Self-monitoring: Being attuned to the way one presents oneself and adjusting behaviours to create desired impressions in social settings.
Social desirability is relevant to Filipinos in survey responses and questionnaires, leading to potential biases in results due to a concern with the impression one leaves to others.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts related to self-esteem and emotional responses in psychological contexts. This quiz covers teachings from psychology regarding self-predictions, attitudes, and social behavior. Discover how these factors impact individual well-being and social interactions.