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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of structuralism?
What is the main focus of structuralism?
What is the primary purpose of conscious attention according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of conscious attention according to the text?
What is the main focus of functionalism?
What is the main focus of functionalism?
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
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What is the main focus of associationism?
What is the main focus of associationism?
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What is the main focus of pragmatism?
What is the main focus of pragmatism?
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What is the primary purpose of attending to signals over the short and long term?
What is the primary purpose of attending to signals over the short and long term?
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What is the main focus of Signal-Detection Theory (SDT)?
What is the main focus of Signal-Detection Theory (SDT)?
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What is the difference between vigilance and search?
What is the difference between vigilance and search?
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What is the key difference between feature search and conjunctive search?
What is the key difference between feature search and conjunctive search?
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What does the Feature-Integration Theory explain?
What does the Feature-Integration Theory explain?
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According to the Similarity Theory, what makes a search task more difficult?
According to the Similarity Theory, what makes a search task more difficult?
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Study Notes
Attention and Consciousness
- Attention helps us control and plan for our future actions based on information from monitoring and past memories
- Attention is the process of actively selecting and processing a limited amount of information from all available sensory information, memories, and cognitive processes
Signal-Detection Theory (SDT)
- A framework to explain how people pick out important stimuli from irrelevant, distracting stimuli
- Often used to measure sensitivity to a target's presence
Vigilance
- A person's ability to attend to a field of stimulation over a prolonged period
- Needed in settings where a stimulus occurs rarely but requires immediate action when it does occur
Search
- Actively looking for something in the environment when unsure where it will appear
- Diverted by distracters, non-target stimuli that divert attention away from the target stimulus
- Two types of search:
- Feature Search: looking for one feature that makes the search object different from others
- Conjunctive Search: combining two or more features to find the stimulus
Feature-Integration Theory
- Explains why feature searches are easier than conjunction searches
- Feature searches can be done in parallel, while conjunction searches require combining features
Similarity Theory
- The more similar the target and distracters are, the more difficult it is to find the target
- Difficulty of search tasks depends on how different distracters are from each other, not on the number of features to be integrated
Schools of Thought in Psychology
- Structuralism: understand the structure of the mind and its perceptions into their constituent components
- Introspection: conscious observations of one's own thinking processes
- Functionalism: understand what people do and why they do it, studying the processes of how and why the mind works
- Pragmatism: knowledge is validated by its usefulness
- Behaviorism: focuses on the relation between observable behavior and environmental events or stimuli
- Associationism: examines how elements of the mind become associated with one another to result in learning
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Description
Learn about the main schools of thought in psychology such as Structuralism, Introspection, Functionalism, Pragmatism, and Behaviorism. Understand how these theories shape our understanding of the mind and human behavior.
