Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ______ produces hormones that control body temperature, heart rate, hunger, and mood.
The ______ produces hormones that control body temperature, heart rate, hunger, and mood.
hypothalamus
In the Bobo Doll Experiment, children observed adults ______ the doll.
In the Bobo Doll Experiment, children observed adults ______ the doll.
attacking
The amygdala is responsible for controlling ______ and fear.
The amygdala is responsible for controlling ______ and fear.
anger
Cognitive dissonance occurs when one's ______ don’t match their behaviors.
Cognitive dissonance occurs when one's ______ don’t match their behaviors.
Signup and view all the answers
Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes that we learn from ______ and imitating others.
Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes that we learn from ______ and imitating others.
Signup and view all the answers
The Big 5 Personality Traits are Conscientiousness, Agreeable, Neuroticism, Openness, and ______.
The Big 5 Personality Traits are Conscientiousness, Agreeable, Neuroticism, Openness, and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The phenomenon where individuals in a group assume someone else will ______ is known as the Bystander Effect.
The phenomenon where individuals in a group assume someone else will ______ is known as the Bystander Effect.
Signup and view all the answers
Psychoanalysis is based on the theory that our present is shaped by our ______.
Psychoanalysis is based on the theory that our present is shaped by our ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The key to understanding the mind in the Cognitive school of thought is to understand the ______.
The key to understanding the mind in the Cognitive school of thought is to understand the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Repression is a defense mechanism that involves to forget a memory ever ______.
Repression is a defense mechanism that involves to forget a memory ever ______.
Signup and view all the answers
In behaviorism, the focus is on observable ______, not mental processes.
In behaviorism, the focus is on observable ______, not mental processes.
Signup and view all the answers
Positive reinforcement involves presenting a positive ______ when there’s a positive response.
Positive reinforcement involves presenting a positive ______ when there’s a positive response.
Signup and view all the answers
Abraham Maslow studied how one reaches their full ______.
Abraham Maslow studied how one reaches their full ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The Defense Mechanism of projection involves disguising one's own threats and bad attitudes from ______ onto others.
The Defense Mechanism of projection involves disguising one's own threats and bad attitudes from ______ onto others.
Signup and view all the answers
Classical Conditioning describes how humans and animals learn to respond based on their ______.
Classical Conditioning describes how humans and animals learn to respond based on their ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Schools of Thought
- Psychoanalysis: Focuses on how past experiences shape present behavior and thoughts. A type of treatment.
- Behaviorism: Emphasizes observable behaviors, not mental processes.
- Humanism: Aims to understand the whole person to grasp their mind.
- Cognitive: Understanding the mind by understanding the brain's processes.
Psychoanalytic Concepts
- Id: Instinctual desires and pleasures.
- Ego: Rational and realistic thinking.
- Superego: Moral compass (right/wrong).
- Conscious Mind: Awareness of present thoughts.
- Unconscious Mind: Thoughts outside of our awareness.
Defense Mechanisms
- Repression: Forgetting a painful memory.
- Denial: Refusing to acknowledge a situation.
- Displacement: Shifting feelings to a different target.
- Regression: Reverting to an earlier developmental stage.
- Projection: Attributing unwanted feelings to others.
- Rationalization: Using logical reasons to justify feelings.
- Reaction Formation: Expressing the opposite of true feelings.
Learning Theories
- Free Association: A technique for exploring the unconscious mind by allowing thoughts to flow freely.
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Learning to respond to a stimulus based on association. Unconditioned stimulus triggers unconditioned response. Conditioned stimulus eventually triggers a conditioned response. (e.g., bell → salivation).
- Operant Conditioning (Skinner): Learning through consequences (rewards/punishments) to modify behavior.
- Positive Reinforcement: Adding something positive to increase a behavior.
- Negative Reinforcement: Removing something negative to increase a behavior.
- Punishment: Removing something positive or adding something negative to decrease a behavior.
Humanistic Psychology
- Humanistic psychology: Understanding the mind by understanding the whole person, to include guidance counselors or youth workers.
- Abraham Maslow: Studied self-actualization (reaching full potential).
- Hierarchy of Needs: Psychological progression from basic needs to self-fulfillment.
- Client-Centered Therapy: Creating a supportive environment for open communication.
Social Cognitive Theory
- Albert Bandura: Learning through observation and imitation.
- Bobo Doll Experiment: Demonstrated observational learning.
Cognitive Psychology and Memory
- Elizabeth Loftus: Studied memory distortion and false memories, including memories of events that never happened.
- False Memories: Memories created by the brain based on interpretations.
- Prefrontal Lobe: Decision-making, planning, reasoning, organization, impulse control.
- Prefrontal Cortex: Decision-making, planning, reasoning, organization, impulse control.
- Temporal Lobe: Sound analysis, including speech understanding (left side).
- Hippocampus: Long-term memory storage.
- Corpus Callosum: Connects the two brain hemispheres for communication.
- Amygdala: Emotional processing (fear, anger).
- Phineas Gage: Brain damage case study showing frontal lobe importance.
Neuroscience
- Neuroplasticity: Brain's capacity to change and adapt.
- Hypothalamus: Hormonal control of body functions (temperature, heart rate, hunger, mood).
Personality
- Big Five Personality Traits: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion.
Developmental Psychology
- Infancy: Birth to walking.
- Toddler: Walking to age three.
- Adolescence: 13-17.
- Multiple Intelligences: Different types of intelligence (e.g., verbal-linguistic, musical).
Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature: Genetic predispositions.
- Nurture: Environmental influence.
- Twin Studies: Used to study the impact of genetics versus environment.
Social Psychology
- Deindividuation: Loss of individuality in group settings.
- Fundamental Attribution Error: Overemphasizing personality traits and underestimating situational factors.
- Bystander Effect: Reduced likelihood of helping in a group setting.
- Zimbardo Prison Experiment: Demonstrated the power of situational influences on behavior.
Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Dissonance: Tension when beliefs don't match actions. Attempts to reduce the tension via changing beliefs or actions.
Other Important Concepts
- Walter Mischel's Marshmallow Experiment: Delayed gratification study.
- Edith Experiment: Attempt to create a genius through early stimulation; focused on a child’s genetic potential versus her environment.
Operant Conditioning Example
- Operant conditioning: Reinforcing or punishing behaviors to modify them, used for a teenager with rule-breaking. Using positive reinforcement (rewards) or negative punishment (removal of privileges) can be methods to influence a teenager to follow the rules.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore various schools of thought in psychology, including Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Humanism, and Cognitive psychology. This quiz also delves into key psychoanalytic concepts, such as the Id, Ego, and Superego, along with defense mechanisms that individuals use to cope with anxiety and stress.
