Podcast
Questions and Answers
What philosophy emphasizes that the whole of experience is greater than the sum of its parts?
What philosophy emphasizes that the whole of experience is greater than the sum of its parts?
Which psychologist is considered the founder of the Psychoanalytic School of Thought?
Which psychologist is considered the founder of the Psychoanalytic School of Thought?
What does operant conditioning primarily focus on?
What does operant conditioning primarily focus on?
According to Freud, which component is associated with primal urges?
According to Freud, which component is associated with primal urges?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept describes the part of personality that internalizes ideals and values from culture?
What concept describes the part of personality that internalizes ideals and values from culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary viewpoint of Behaviorism regarding behavior?
What is the primary viewpoint of Behaviorism regarding behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following theorists is considered a neo-Freudian?
Which of the following theorists is considered a neo-Freudian?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary focus of the Structuralism school of thought?
What was the primary focus of the Structuralism school of thought?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is considered the founder of the Structuralism school of thought?
Who is considered the founder of the Structuralism school of thought?
Signup and view all the answers
Which school of thought is primarily concerned with the functions of mental processes?
Which school of thought is primarily concerned with the functions of mental processes?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the Functionalist approach from the Structuralist approach?
What distinguishes the Functionalist approach from the Structuralist approach?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following thinkers is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?
Which of the following thinkers is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best defines Gestalt psychology?
Which statement best defines Gestalt psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of psychology did Functionalism NOT influence?
What aspect of psychology did Functionalism NOT influence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true about the evolution of psychology schools of thought?
Which statement is true about the evolution of psychology schools of thought?
Signup and view all the answers
Signup and view all the answers
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Psychology Schools
- Psychology emerged as a separate science from biology and philosophy, prompting debate on describing and explaining the human mind and behavior.
- Different schools of thought represent the major theoretical approaches in psychology.
Structuralism
- The first school of thought, founded in a German lab by Wilhelm Wundt.
- Focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components (elements).
- Widely considered the first school of psychological thought.
- Focused on analyzing the structure of consciousness to understand the mind.
- Key figures include Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener.
Functionalism
- Heavily influenced by William James, focusing on the adaptive purpose and function of the mind and behavior.
- Instead of studying the structure of mental processes, functionalists examined how mental processes function to help adaptation.
- Interested in the purpose of thoughts and behaviors, contrasting with structuralism's focus on the elements of consciousness.
- Persisted in applied psychology, behaviorism, and educational psychology, even though it wasn't a major school of thought.
Gestalt Psychology
- Gestalt psychology is based on the idea that people experience things as unified wholes.
- Originated in Germany and Austria in the late 19th century.
- Rejected the structuralist approach, emphasizing the importance of the whole experience.
- Proponents believed that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (holism).
- Key figures include Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka.
- Focused on how people perceive and experience the world.
Behaviorism
- This school posits that all behavior is explained by environmental causes.
- Concentrates on observable behavior, neglecting internal mental processes.
- Key concepts emerged, including:
- Classical conditioning: Associating a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus to create a response.
- Operant conditioning: Learning through reinforcement and punishment.
Psychoanalysis
- Founded by Sigmund Freud.
- Emphasized the role of the unconscious mind on behavior.
- Included other prominent thinkers like Anna Freud, Otto Rank, and neo-Freudian theorists like Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney.
- Proposed that the human mind comprises three components:
- Id: Primitive instincts and desires.
- Ego: Mediates between the id and reality.
- Superego: Internalized moral standards.
- Interaction of these components shapes complex human behaviors.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundational theories that shaped psychology as a discipline. This quiz covers Structuralism and Functionalism, detailing their key figures and differences in focus. Test your understanding of these major schools of thought in psychology.
