Psychology Schema Flashcards
16 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of schema?

Schema is an umbrella term for mental structures that help us process and organise information around us through mental representations, which include our past experiences, culture, age and gender.

What are the types of schema?

  • Scripts
  • Scripts, social schemas
  • Scripts, social schemas, self-schemas
  • Scripts, social schemas, self-schemas, person schemas (correct)

    • What are person schemas?

    Mental representations about specific people.

    What are social schemas?

    <p>Mental representations about various groups of people, for example a stereotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are self-schemas?

    <p>Mental representations about ourselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are scripts?

    <p>Schemas about a sequence of events, for example going to work or making coffee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a study that reveals the effect of social schemas on our perception?

    <p>Darley and Gross (1983)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method and aim of Bartlett's 'war of the ghosts' experiment?

    <p>The experiment explored how social and cultural factors can affect our schemas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the results of Bartlett's experiment?

    <p>The story became shorter and more concise, words were changed to reflect more culturally familiar things, and people altered culturally unfamiliar things to make the story more understandable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the conclusion of Bartlett's experiment?

    <p>Memory is always subjective to pre-existing schemas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some limitations to Bartlett's experiment?

    <p>The experiment was outdated, did not specify how specific participants should describe the stories, had inconsistent time intervals, and had low internal validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What study aims to find the effect of context on comprehension and memory?

    <p>Bransford and Johnson (1972), 'Washing Clothes' study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the method of the Washing Clothes study?

    <p>A sample was split into three conditions: having a context prior to listening to a passage, listening to a passage with no context, or receiving the context after listening to the passage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the results and conclusions of the washing clothes study?

    <p>Participants given the context before had the best recall, and there was virtually no difference between the other two conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evaluate Bransford and Johnson's study.

    <p>The study had no ethical concerns, high internal validity, but low ecological validity and generalizability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does schema enable us to do?

    <p>To make shortcuts when interpreting information so we can understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Schema

    • Schema refers to mental structures that help us process and organize information around us through mental representations, including past experiences, culture, age, and gender.

    Types of Schema

    • Scripts: schemas about a sequence of events, such as going to work or making coffee.
    • Social schemas: mental representations about various groups of people, including stereotypes.
    • Self-schemas: mental representations about ourselves.
    • Person schemas: mental representations about specific people.

    Social Schemas and Perception

    • Darley and Gross (1983) study: showed that social schemas can affect our perception, as participants judged a girl's academic performance based on her perceived socioeconomic status.
    • This demonstrates how social schemas can act as a lens to interpret ambiguous information.

    Bartlett's "War of the Ghosts" Experiment

    • Aim: to explore how social and cultural factors can affect our schemas.
    • Method: participants were asked to reproduce a Native American folk story, either through repeated reproduction or serial reproduction.
    • Results:
      • The story became shorter and more concise over time.
      • Words were changed to reflect more culturally familiar things.
      • People altered culturally unfamiliar things to make the story more understandable and fit their schemas.

    Conclusion of Bartlett's Experiment

    • Memory is subjective to pre-existing schemas.
    • Limitations:
      • Outdated study.
      • Lack of specificity in instructions.
      • Inconsistent time intervals between participants.
      • Low internal validity.

    Bransford and Johnson's "Washing Clothes" Study

    • Aim: to investigate the effect of context on comprehension and memory.
    • Method: participants were given a passage about washing clothes, either with or without context.
    • Results:
      • Participants who received context before the passage had better recall.
      • Context helps activate schemas, aiding encoding and understanding.

    Evaluation of Bransford and Johnson's Study

    • Strengths: controlled lab setting, no ethical concerns.
    • Weaknesses: low ecological validity, low generalizability due to sample of psychology students.

    Function of Schema

    • Enables us to make shortcuts when interpreting information, allowing for faster understanding.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on schemas in psychology with these flashcards. Explore various definitions, types, and examples of schemas that help us understand how we process information and form mental representations.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser