Psychology Research Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does empiricism emphasize as the primary source of knowledge?

  • Sensory experience (correct)
  • Theoretical speculation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Cultural traditions

    • Which statement best describes a hypothesis?

  • A generalized conclusion derived from multiple studies
  • A speculative idea that lacks testability
  • An unverified assumption concerning behavior
  • A specific, testable prediction about relationships (correct)

    • What is construct validity in measurement?

  • The degree to which a measurement is influenced by external factors
  • The ability of a measure to predict future outcomes
  • Whether a measure consistently produces similar results
  • How accurately a measurement reflects a theoretical construct (correct)

    • What characteristic do demand characteristics exemplify in psychological research?

    <p>Unintentional cues influencing participant behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the scientific method facilitate knowledge acquisition?

    <p>Through a systematic investigative process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability refer to in the context of measurement?

    <p>The consistency of results obtained from a measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In naturalistic observation, what is the primary characteristic of the research environment?

    <p>Behavior is observed in a natural environment without manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a double-blind observation in a study?

    <p>To reduce biases by keeping both participants and experimenters blind to group assignments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of measurement does power refer to?

    <p>The capacity of a measure to detect an effect when one exists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a theory in the scientific context?

    <p>A well-substantiated explanation based on a body of evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an independent variable from a dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The independent variable is the one that is manipulated, while the dependent variable is the one that is measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the third-variable problem in correlation?

    <p>It suggests that a third, unmeasured variable may influence both correlated variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a difference between control and experimental groups to be statistically significant?

    <p>The difference is meaningful and unlikely to occur by random chance alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is random assignment important in experiments?

    <p>It eliminates any biases by ensuring groups are comparable from the onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does internal validity refer to in the context of an experimental study?

    <p>The accuracy with which the experiment measures what it intends to measure regarding cause and effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue associated with self-selection in research?

    <p>It creates selection bias where groups are not equivalent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a positive correlation?

    <p>As one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method involves an in-depth investigation of a single entity?

    <p>Case method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes random sampling from other sampling methods?

    <p>It ensures that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does manipulation play in an experiment?

    <p>It allows researchers to alter one or more variables to observe effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positive correlation indicate about the relationship between two variables?

    <p>As one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of random assignment in an experiment?

    <p>To eliminate bias and create comparable groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the third-variable problem highlight in correlation studies?

    <p>The influence of an unmeasured variable on both correlated variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes an independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is manipulated to examine its effect on the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does external validity contribute to research findings?

    <p>It helps to generalize results beyond the context of the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern regarding self-selection in experiments?

    <p>It may create unequal conditions among groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when researchers say findings are statistically significant?

    <p>The differences between groups are reliable and meaningful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the experimental group in an experiment?

    <p>It receives the treatment or manipulation being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the case method in research?

    <p>To conduct an in-depth investigation of a single instance or entity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of defining the dependent variable in research?

    <p>It is the variable affected by the manipulation of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an operational definition in research?

    <p>To define the key variables in a measurable way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does demand characteristics affect psychological research?

    <p>They can compromise the internal validity of the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the scientific method emphasizes systematic investigation?

    <p>Collecting data through observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of measurement, what does the term 'power' specifically refer to?

    <p>The effectiveness of a measure to detect an effect when it exists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes naturalistic observation from controlled experiments?

    <p>The absence of researcher intervention in participants' environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between a theory and evidence in scientific research?

    <p>A theory integrates evidence and withstands repeated testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a double-blind observation?

    <p>Neither participants nor researchers are aware of the treatment conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does empiricism play in the process of scientific inquiry?

    <p>It emphasizes knowledge gained through sensory experience and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the distinction between reliability and validity in measurements?

    <p>Reliability ensures consistency; validity ensures accuracy of what is being measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

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